In the period of the first twenty years after World War II the number of fires in Polish hard coal mines reached annually the value of several thousands of cases. About 80% of fires constituted spontaneous fires. Inve...In the period of the first twenty years after World War II the number of fires in Polish hard coal mines reached annually the value of several thousands of cases. About 80% of fires constituted spontaneous fires. Investigations into the development of new methods of fire hazard prediction and implementation of new methods and means of fire prevention as well as the introduction of prohibition concerning the use of products manufactured of combustible organic materials in underground mine workings re-duced considerably the hazard of underground fire rise. The worked out at the Central Mining Institute (GIG) new method of un-derground fire prediction allows the correct selection of fire prevention means. The introduction into common use of fire-resistant conveyor belts, the main factor giving rise to spontaneous fires, and methods of assessment of their fire resistance eliminated prac-tically the fire hazard. These activities contributed in an efficient way to the reduction of the number of underground fires to a sat-isfactory level.展开更多
The agricultural liberalization market process remains stalled Doha Round. The terms in protection levels reductions are negotiated, but the emergence of the global crisis constrains public resources to sustain them. ...The agricultural liberalization market process remains stalled Doha Round. The terms in protection levels reductions are negotiated, but the emergence of the global crisis constrains public resources to sustain them. In addition, the use of some grains as inputs in the production of biofuels, has contributed to the price increase in foods, although this production is an alternative to fossil fuels use and can help to reduce further environmental degradation. In this paper we analyze the main variables to be taken into account when negotiating the liberalization of agricultural trade, but also ofbiofuels in the context of Doha Round.展开更多
It is urgent to develop a new deep desulfurization process of fuels as the environmental pollution increases seriously. In this work, a series of Lewis acidic ionic liquids （ILs） [C43MPy]Cl/nZnCl2 （n=1, 1.5, 2, 3）...It is urgent to develop a new deep desulfurization process of fuels as the environmental pollution increases seriously. In this work, a series of Lewis acidic ionic liquids （ILs） [C43MPy]Cl/nZnCl2 （n=1, 1.5, 2, 3） were synthesized and used in extraction and catalytic oxidative desulfurization （ECOD） of the fuels. The effects of the Lewis acidity of ILs, the molar ratio of H2O2/sulfur, temperatures, and different substrates including dibenzothiophene （DBT）, benzothiophene （BT） and thiophene （TS）, on sulfur removal were investigated. The results indicated that [C43MPy]Cl/3ZnCl2 presented near 100% DBT removal of model oil under conditions of 323 K, H2O2/DBT molar ratio 6：1. Kinetics for the removal of DBT, BT and TS by the [C43MPy]Cl/3ZnCl2-H2O2 system at 323 K is first-order with the apparent rate constants of 1.1348, 0.2226 and 0.0609 h-1, and the calculated apparent activation energies for DBT, BT and TS were 61.13, 60.66, and 68.14 kJ/mol from 298 to 308 K, re- spectively. After six cycles of the regenerated [C43MPy]Cl/3ZnCl2, the sulfur removal had a slight decrease. [C43MPy]Cl/ 3ZnCl2 showed a good desulfurization performance under optimal conditions.展开更多
Southeast Tibet forest is in east subtropical zone. This region natural environment is unique, influenced by the southwest monsoon, so forest fires are very easy to occur in the dry season. Forest in this region is ov...Southeast Tibet forest is in east subtropical zone. This region natural environment is unique, influenced by the southwest monsoon, so forest fires are very easy to occur in the dry season. Forest in this region is over mature forest, and accounts for much proportion. Fire season in this area is winter and spring. But in the special year, forest fires can also occur in the hot summer. Fire season lasts from October to next February,but to April in an individual arid year. Most of the fires in this area are surface fires, crown fire, can occur after long time drought. Ground fires do not occur in the region.展开更多
文摘In the period of the first twenty years after World War II the number of fires in Polish hard coal mines reached annually the value of several thousands of cases. About 80% of fires constituted spontaneous fires. Investigations into the development of new methods of fire hazard prediction and implementation of new methods and means of fire prevention as well as the introduction of prohibition concerning the use of products manufactured of combustible organic materials in underground mine workings re-duced considerably the hazard of underground fire rise. The worked out at the Central Mining Institute (GIG) new method of un-derground fire prediction allows the correct selection of fire prevention means. The introduction into common use of fire-resistant conveyor belts, the main factor giving rise to spontaneous fires, and methods of assessment of their fire resistance eliminated prac-tically the fire hazard. These activities contributed in an efficient way to the reduction of the number of underground fires to a sat-isfactory level.
文摘The agricultural liberalization market process remains stalled Doha Round. The terms in protection levels reductions are negotiated, but the emergence of the global crisis constrains public resources to sustain them. In addition, the use of some grains as inputs in the production of biofuels, has contributed to the price increase in foods, although this production is an alternative to fossil fuels use and can help to reduce further environmental degradation. In this paper we analyze the main variables to be taken into account when negotiating the liberalization of agricultural trade, but also ofbiofuels in the context of Doha Round.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21576262, 21206169)International S&T Cooperation Program of China (2014DFA61670)the “Recruitment of Outstanding Technologist” of Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘It is urgent to develop a new deep desulfurization process of fuels as the environmental pollution increases seriously. In this work, a series of Lewis acidic ionic liquids （ILs） [C43MPy]Cl/nZnCl2 （n=1, 1.5, 2, 3） were synthesized and used in extraction and catalytic oxidative desulfurization （ECOD） of the fuels. The effects of the Lewis acidity of ILs, the molar ratio of H2O2/sulfur, temperatures, and different substrates including dibenzothiophene （DBT）, benzothiophene （BT） and thiophene （TS）, on sulfur removal were investigated. The results indicated that [C43MPy]Cl/3ZnCl2 presented near 100% DBT removal of model oil under conditions of 323 K, H2O2/DBT molar ratio 6：1. Kinetics for the removal of DBT, BT and TS by the [C43MPy]Cl/3ZnCl2-H2O2 system at 323 K is first-order with the apparent rate constants of 1.1348, 0.2226 and 0.0609 h-1, and the calculated apparent activation energies for DBT, BT and TS were 61.13, 60.66, and 68.14 kJ/mol from 298 to 308 K, re- spectively. After six cycles of the regenerated [C43MPy]Cl/3ZnCl2, the sulfur removal had a slight decrease. [C43MPy]Cl/ 3ZnCl2 showed a good desulfurization performance under optimal conditions.
基金NSFC Project (No. 30371170)National Technology R&D Program (No.2006BAD04B05)
文摘Southeast Tibet forest is in east subtropical zone. This region natural environment is unique, influenced by the southwest monsoon, so forest fires are very easy to occur in the dry season. Forest in this region is over mature forest, and accounts for much proportion. Fire season in this area is winter and spring. But in the special year, forest fires can also occur in the hot summer. Fire season lasts from October to next February,but to April in an individual arid year. Most of the fires in this area are surface fires, crown fire, can occur after long time drought. Ground fires do not occur in the region.
