从域外秘辛到本土知识:《星学大成》所见10~13世纪的星命术及其中国化

星命术自域外传来,逐渐中国化,但因星命著作往往被视为秘辛,流传范围有限,所以唐代以降的星命文献大多散佚。《星学大成》虽成书于明代,但基本是攒集而非著述,保留了大量宋元古星命著作。由其中收录的《西天聿斯经》,以及从《聿斯经》衍生出来的各种文本,可以大致看到这部唐代从西方传来的星命著作的主体部分,其与敦煌和黑水城出土的星命文献可以密切勘合。从敦煌、西夏等不同《聿斯经》版本可以看到星命术传播过程中本土化的明显趋势。《洞微百六限》是《星学大成》收录的另外一种重要的唐宋星命文献,这部著作是星命术在唐宋之际从技术上实现中国化的重要表现。《星学大成》是10~13世纪星命著作的总结性汇编,是解读出土宋元西夏星命文献的重要参考,不应以其为明代著作而轻视之。

从黑水城星曜曼荼罗看汉藏夏之间的文化勾连

1931年,聂历山利用西夏文文献《圣星母中道法事供养根》,判定并阐释黑水城遗址发现的星曜曼荼罗。而该仪轨所据的根本文本之一当为《诸星母陀罗尼经》,从敦煌藏经洞所见大量汉藏文本到黑水城、武威等地陆续发现的西夏文异译本《圣曜母陀罗尼经》,提示该信仰在河西这个文化汇流的核心地带的重要性。对比西藏与内地的材料,重新解读西夏图像,对于汉、藏、夏等文化相互之间的关联,对于多维度的影响以及河西的自身创造,无疑会有更准确的认知。

Chemical Constituents from Starfish Asterias rollestoni

Aim To investigate novel bioactive and structural metabolites from marineorganisms. Methods Column chromatography in association with semi-preparative HPLC were used for theisolation of compounds. 1D and 2D NMR, IR, UV, and MS were employed for structure elucidation.Results From the butanol fraction of the 95% EtOH extract of the starfish Asterias rollestoni, a newcompound N^7 -2'-deoxypseudoxanthosine (1), along with sixteen known compounds, 2'-0-methyl-inosine(2), 2'-deoxyinosine (3), 2'-0-methylguanosine (4), inosine (5); thymine (6), uracil (7), thymidine(8), deoxyuridine (9), 2'-0-methyluridine (10), ( ― )-(1S, 3S)-1-methyl-1, 2, 3,4-terrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxyl-ic acid (11), ( ― )-(1R, 3S)-1-methyl-1, 2, 3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (12) , ( ― )-(3S)- 1, 2, 3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid (13), L-tryptophan (14), L-phenylalanine (15), 3-carboxyindole (16), and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (17) , have been isolated. Conclusion Compound 1 is a newnatural product, and compounds 8, 9 and 10 are isolated from natural sources for the first time, andthe known compounds except 14 and 15 are first reported from starfish Asterias rollestoni.

俄藏黑水城文献No.5722《谨算》星命解读

《谨算》为西夏星命推算文献,内容可以分为三个部分,第一是命主梁签判生辰,据此画出星宫算命图,即星盘;第二部分是据星盘确立身宫、命宫、三方主等星命推算的重要因素;第三是排出命主各限历年吉凶祸福。以《星学大成》所载宋元星命术作为解读《谨算》的重要依据,分析《谨算》文本中星命推算的原理,解释其推算依据,复原其推算过程。

RESEARCH ON SATELLITE IMAGE PROCESSING AND RECOGNITION WITH PARALLEL ALGORITHM

Using the method of mathematical morphology,this paper fulfills filtration,segmentation and extraction of morphological features of the satellite cloud image.It also gives out the relative algorithms,which is realized by parallel C programming based on Transputer networks.It has been successfully used to process the typhoon and the low tornado cloud image.And it will be used in weather forecast.

Biological Characteristics of Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells and Its Application Prospects in Muscle Trauma Repair

As the only source of stem cells, satellite cells play and extraordinary role in the remediation process of skeletal muscle after injury. This paper overviewed the biological characteristic of skeletal muscle satellite cells and its role in repairing muscle injury, and put forward the prospects of its application in muscle trauma repair.

Role of iron in hepatic fibrosis: One piece in the puzzle

Iron is an essential element involved in various biological pathways. When present in excess within the cell, iron can be toxic due to its ability to catalyse the formation of damaging radicals, which promote cellular injury and cell death. Within the liver, iron related oxidative stress can lead to fibrosis and ultimately to cirrhosis. Here we review the role of excessive iron in the pathologies associated with various chronic diseases of the liver. We also describe the molecular mechanism by which iron contributes to the development of hepatic fibrosis.

Design and Dynamics Simulation of a Novel Double-Ring-Plate Gear Reducer

A patented double-ring-plate gear reducer was designed and its dynamic performance was simulated. One unique characteristic of this novel drive is that the phase angle difference between two parallelogram mechanisms is a little less than 180 degree and four counterweights on two crankshafts are designed to balance inertia forces and inertia moments of the mechanisms. Its operating principle, advantages, and design issues were discussed. An elasto-dynamics model was presented to acquire its dynamic response by considering the elastic deformations of ring-plates, gears, bearings, etc. The simulation results reveal that compared with housing bearings, planetary bearings work in more severe conditions. The fluctuation of loads on gears and bearings indicates that the main reason for reducer vibration is elastic deformations of the system rather than inertia forces and inertia moments of the mechanisms.

Analysis of lubrication performance for internal meshing gear pair considering vibration

The thermal elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication characteristics of the internal meshing gears in a planetary gear train under vibrations were examined considering the influence of the modification coefficient and time-varying meshing stiffness.Based on dynamic theory of the gear system,a dynamic model of the planetary gear train was established.The lubrication performances of modified gear systems under vibrations and static loads were analyzed.Compared with other transmission types,the best lubrication effect could be produced by the positive transmission.A thicker lubricating oil film could be formed,and the friction coefficient and oil film flash temperature are the smallest.Increasing modification coefficient improves the lubrication performance continuously but intensifies the engage-in and tooth-change impact.For the planetary and inner gears,the increase in the modification coefficient also leads a decrease in the oil film stiffness.

Relevance of proteolysis and proteasome activation in fatty liver graft preservation: An Institut Georges Lopez-1 vs University of Wisconsin appraisal

To compare liver proteolysis and proteasome activation in steatotic liver grafts conserved in University of Wisconsin (UW) and Institut Georges Lopez-1 (IGL-1) solutions.METHODSFatty liver grafts from male obese Zücker rats were conserved in UW and IGL-1 solutions for 24 h at 4 °Cand subjected to “ex vivo” normo-thermic perfusion (2 h; 37 °C). Liver proteolysis in tissue specimens and perfusate was measured by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Total free amino acid release was correlated with the activation of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS: measured as chymotryptic-like activity and 20S and 19S proteasome), the prevention of liver injury (transaminases), mitochondrial injury (confocal microscopy) and inflammation markers (TNF 1 alpha, high mobility group box-1 (HGMB-1) and PPAR gamma), and liver apoptosis (TUNEL assay, cytochrome c and caspase 3).RESULTSProfiles of free AA (alanine, proline, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, lysine, ornithine, and threonine, among others) were similar for tissue and reperfusion effluent. In all cases, the IGL-1 solution showed a significantly higher prevention of proteolysis than UW (P < 0.05) after cold ischemia reperfusion. Livers conserved in IGL-1 presented more effective prevention of ATP-breakdown and more inhibition of UPS activity (measured as chymotryptic-like activity). In addition, the prevention of liver proteolysis and UPS activation correlated with the prevention of liver injury (AST/ALT) and mitochondrial damage (revealed by confocal microscopy findings) as well as with the prevention of inflammatory markers (TNF1alpha and HMGB) after reperfusion. In addition, the liver grafts preserved in IGL-1 showed a significant decrease in liver apoptosis, as shown by TUNEL assay and the reduction of cytochrome c, caspase 3 and P62 levels.CONCLUSIONOur comparison of these two preservation solutions suggests that IGL-1 helps to prevent ATP breakdown more effectively than UW and subsequently achieves a higher UPS inhibition and reduced liver proteolysis.

MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR ACCESS MODE OF CONTENTION-COLLISION CANCELLATION IN A STAR LAN

I type system model of CCCAM(Contention-Collision Cancellation Access Mode) is studied through mathematical modelling and simulation. There are two innovations: (1) in the process of mathematical modelling, the instance of 'serving customers unsuccessfully' is taken into account; (2) the time at which customers depart after having been served successfully are chosen to be the embedded point, thereby 'free period' is introduced reasonably. So the mathematical modelling and analysis result in this paper are significant for application of wire star LAN and wireless star LAN.

The Role of Ultraviolet Photons in Circumstellar Astrochemistry

Stars with masses between 1 and 8 solar masses(M⊙)lose large amounts of material in the form of gas and dust in the late stages of stellar evolution,during their Asymptotic Giant Branch(AGB)phase.Such stars supply up to 35%of the dust in the interstellar medium and thus contribute to the material out of which our solar system formed.In addition,the circumstellar envelopes of these stars are sites of complex organic chemistry with over 80 molecules detected in them.We show that internal ultraviolet photons,either emitted by the star itself or from a close-in,orbiting companion,can significantly alter the chemistry that occurs in the envelopes particularly if the envelope is clumpy in nature.At least for the cases explored here,we find that in the presence of a stellar companion,such as a white dwarf star,the high flux of UV photons destroys H2O in the inner regions of carbon-rich AGB stars to levels below those observed and produces species such as C^+deep in the envelope in contrast to the expectations of traditional descriptions of circumstellar chemistry.

Rifaximin for the prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

According to a review article by Biecker et al published in a previous issue of World Journal of Gastroenterology in March 2011,intestinal decontamination with norfloxacin remains the mainstay of primary prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP) at the expense of development of quinolone-resistant bacteria after long-term use.In our research,the administration of a 4-wk regimen with rifaximin 1200 mg/d reduced significantly the ascitic neutrophil count in cirrhotic patients with sterile ascites in line with a significant decrease in plasma endotoxin levels.Our observations concur with recent findings,showing a significantly reduced 5-year probability of SBP in cirrhotic patients taking rifaximin.

On the historic narrative features of Libra

As one of the masterpieces for Don Delillo, Libra was regarded as a classic postmodern novel once after its publication. Based on Kennedy assassination, this novel mainly deals with the isolation and dissimilation feelings for the American citizens. As a representative postmodern novel, Libra＇s stylistic features and narrative strategies are both quite typical. This thesis will discuss its narrative angles, its narrative structure and its dialogue expressions in order to understand Libra＇s postmodern narrative technique.

DOWN-REGULATED EXPRESSION OF PTEN GENE AND LOH OF ITS EPIGENETIC MICROSATELLITES IN GASTRIC CARCINOMA

Objective.To investigate PTEN expression and loss of heterozygosity(LOH)of its epigenetic microsatel-lites in gastric carcinoma and explore their roles in tumorigenesis and progression of gastric carcinoma.Methods.LOH of epigenetic microsatellites of PTEN(D10S541,D10S583and D10S1687)was exam-ined in advanced gastric carcinomas(n=56)by PCR-SSCP.The mRNA and protein expressions of PTEN gene were evaluated in normal mucosa(n=56),early(n=11)and advanced carcinomas(n=56)of the stomach using RT?PCR and immunohistochemoistry respectively.PTEN mRNA and protein expressions were compared with clinicopathological staging and lymph node metastasis of tumors.The relationship be-tween PTEN mRNA expression and LOH of microsatellites was discussed,as well as relationship between PTEN mRNA and protein expression.Results.LOH of D10S541,D10S583and D10S1687was found in28.6%(16/56)of advanced gas-tric carcinomas.The positive rates of PTEN expression were80.4%(45/56),45.5%(5/11)and32.1%(18/56)in normal gastric mucosa,early and advanced gastric carcinomas at mRNA level,while78.6%(44/56),36.4%(4/11)and28.6%(16/56)at protein level.PTEN mRNA and protein were less fre-quently expressed in early and advanced gastric carcinomas than normal gastric mucosa(P<0.05).There was negative correlation between PTEN mRNA expression and LOH of microsatellites(P<0.05).PTEN protein expression paralleled to its mRNA expression(P<0.05).The PTEN mRNA and protein expres-sions were negatively correlated with lymph node metastasis of advanced gastric carcinomas(P<0.05).Conclusion.Down?regulated expression of PTEN and frequent LOH of its epigenetic microsatellites might play an important role in gastric carcinogenesis.Reduced PTEN mRNA expression was closely as-sociated with LOH of its epigenetic microsatellites.Altered expression of PTEN might contribute to lymph node metastasis of gastric carcinoma by decreasing cell adhesion and apoptosis,increasing angiogenesis and cell mobility.

Effect of ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ on the biological characters of hepatic stellate cells

AIM： To study the effect of rosiglitazone, which is a ligand of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma （PPARy）, on the expression of PPARy in hepatic stellate cells （HSCs） and on the biological characteristics of HSCs. METHODS： The activated HSCs were divided into three groups： control group, 3 μmol/L rosiglitazone group, and 10 μmol/L rosiglitazone group. The expression of PPARγ, α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMA）, and type Ⅰ and Ⅲ collagen was detected by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunocytochemical staining, respectively. Cell proliferation was determined with methylthiazolyltetrazolium （MTT） colodmetric assay. Cell apoptosis was demonstrated with flow cytometry. RESULTS： The expression of PPARγ at mRNA and protein level markedly increased in HSCs of 10 μmol/L rosiglitazone group （tvalue was 10.870 and 4.627 respectively, P〈0.01 in both）. The proliferation of HSCs in 10 μmol/L rosiglitazone group decreased significantly （t = 5.542, P〈0.01）, α-SMA expression level and type Ⅰ collagen synthesis ability were also reduced VS controls （tvalue = 10.256 and 14.627 respectively, P〈0.01 in both）. The apoptotic rate of HSCs significantly increased in 10 μmol/L rosiglitazone group vs control （X^2= 16.682, P〈0.01）. CONCLUSION： By increasing expression of PPARγ in activated HSCs, rosiglitazone, an agonist of PPARγ, decreases α-SNA expression and type Ⅰ collagen synthesis, inhibits cell proliferation, and induces cell apoptosis.

Observed Relationship between Surface Freshwater Flux and Salinity in The North Indian Ocean

Using 10-year (2001 10) monthly evaporation, precipitation, and sea surface salinity (SSS) datasets, the relationship between local freshwater flux and SSS in the north Indian Ocean (NIO) is evaluated quantitatively. The results suggest a highly positive linear correlation between freshwater flux and SSS in the Arabian Sea (correlation coefficient, R=0.74) and the western equatorial Indian Ocean (R=0.73), whereas the linear relationships are relatively weaker in the Bay of Bengal (R=0.50) and the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean (R=0.40). Additionally, the interannual variations of freshwater flux and SSS and their mutual relationship are investigated in four sub- regions for pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons separately. The satellite retrievals of SSS from the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) and Aquarius missions can provide continuous and consistent SSS fields for a better understanding of its variability and the differences between the freshwater flux and SSS signals, which are commonly thought to be linearly related.

Quantum Phase Transitions in Spin Star Configuration

We consider a generalized spin star configuration that can be solved exactly, with the central spin-1/2 system embedded in an outer ring of N spin-1/2 particles （denoted as spin bath）. In this model, we consider a modified version of the spin star model, by taking into account, besides the interaction of the central spin with the bath, the interactions between the spins of the bath as well. The general expressions of the eigenstates as well as the eigenvalues of the model are derived with the use of the symmetries of system. We then investigate the properties of the ground quantum phase transitions in some limiting cases in the model and show that the occurrence of quantum phase transitions and the desired ground states can be obtained by varying the external control parameters.

Four Decades' Development of China's Recoverable Satellites

This paper reviews the recoverable satellites China has developed over the past forty years.The main missions,technical specifications,scientific and technical experiments of these satellites,including the SJ-10 scientific experiment satellite launched on April 6,2016 are introduced.Recommendations for future technical upgrades for recoverable satellites are also proposed in the paper.