目的比较手足口病门诊患者疱疹液、咽拭液肠道病毒检出率及一致性,分析病例群流行病学特征。方法以准分层随机法抽取同人疱疹液和咽拭液配对标本451人份,用实时荧光定量逆转录多聚酶链反应检测柯萨奇病毒A组16型(coxsackievirus A group...目的比较手足口病门诊患者疱疹液、咽拭液肠道病毒检出率及一致性,分析病例群流行病学特征。方法以准分层随机法抽取同人疱疹液和咽拭液配对标本451人份,用实时荧光定量逆转录多聚酶链反应检测柯萨奇病毒A组16型(coxsackievirus A group 16 strain,CVA16)、肠道病毒71型(enterovirus71,EV71)和总肠道病毒(Pan-enterovirus,EV)。统计分析用卡方检验、Kappa检验、秩和检验。结果疱疹液标本EV、CVA16、EV71阳性率为77.38%、39.47%、28.16%,咽拭液标本为64.97%、31.49%、26.39%,疱疹液检出率为高(χ^2值为39.20,24.92,3.06, P 值为0.000,0.000,0.077)。EV71、CVA16、EV检出一致性的Kappa检验K值为0.911,0.750,0.576, P<0.001,差异有统计学意义。疱疹液、咽拭液中EV、CVA16、EV71检出率顺序,与其Kappa检验K值顺序相反。病例星期分布性别比稳定,动态趋势一致但发病不均匀,呈以星期六为顶点并递降的峰形。结论手足口病门诊标本疱疹液优于咽拭液;病原检出率顺序与检出一致性K值顺序不一致;在一般流行病学特征下,手足口病发病星期分布可能不均并伴跨周单峰;2016年十堰市手足口病主要病原是 CVA16、EV71。展开更多
Ionospheric peak value of F2 layer （NmF2） is an important parameter in the ionosphere, which has important applications in short-wave communication, ionospheric modeling and so on. In this paper, the empirical ortho...Ionospheric peak value of F2 layer （NmF2） is an important parameter in the ionosphere, which has important applications in short-wave communication, ionospheric modeling and so on. In this paper, the empirical orthogonal function （EOF） decompo- sition method is used to analyze the NmFz obtained from the occultation data. Daily spatial distribution of NmF2 at the same time is relatively even. Variance of first modal is much larger than the other modals. A local wavelet power spectrum （LWPS） method is applied to analysis the cycle of Flo.7 index and time coefficient of first modal. The result shows that they have simi- lar cycle distribution, indicating that Flo.7 index is the main factor affecting variation of NmF〉 A function is established be- tween the tine coefficient of first modal and F10.7 index, average F10.7 index value of early 81 days fp by least squares method. The results show that contribution coefficient offp is negative which indicates that fp has an inert effect existing in the iono- sphere. Contribution coefficient of F10.7 is positive, which is consistent with the fact that it has an anomaly in winter/spring seasons. In summary, it is feasible to establish a mid-latitude empirical NmF2 model in northern hemisphere based on occulta- tion data and EOF decomposition method.展开更多
文摘目的比较手足口病门诊患者疱疹液、咽拭液肠道病毒检出率及一致性,分析病例群流行病学特征。方法以准分层随机法抽取同人疱疹液和咽拭液配对标本451人份,用实时荧光定量逆转录多聚酶链反应检测柯萨奇病毒A组16型(coxsackievirus A group 16 strain,CVA16)、肠道病毒71型(enterovirus71,EV71)和总肠道病毒(Pan-enterovirus,EV)。统计分析用卡方检验、Kappa检验、秩和检验。结果疱疹液标本EV、CVA16、EV71阳性率为77.38%、39.47%、28.16%,咽拭液标本为64.97%、31.49%、26.39%,疱疹液检出率为高(χ^2值为39.20,24.92,3.06, P 值为0.000,0.000,0.077)。EV71、CVA16、EV检出一致性的Kappa检验K值为0.911,0.750,0.576, P<0.001,差异有统计学意义。疱疹液、咽拭液中EV、CVA16、EV71检出率顺序,与其Kappa检验K值顺序相反。病例星期分布性别比稳定,动态趋势一致但发病不均匀,呈以星期六为顶点并递降的峰形。结论手足口病门诊标本疱疹液优于咽拭液;病原检出率顺序与检出一致性K值顺序不一致;在一般流行病学特征下,手足口病发病星期分布可能不均并伴跨周单峰;2016年十堰市手足口病主要病原是 CVA16、EV71。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40505005)the Specialized Research Fund for State Key Laboratories(Grant No.Y22612A33S)
文摘Ionospheric peak value of F2 layer （NmF2） is an important parameter in the ionosphere, which has important applications in short-wave communication, ionospheric modeling and so on. In this paper, the empirical orthogonal function （EOF） decompo- sition method is used to analyze the NmFz obtained from the occultation data. Daily spatial distribution of NmF2 at the same time is relatively even. Variance of first modal is much larger than the other modals. A local wavelet power spectrum （LWPS） method is applied to analysis the cycle of Flo.7 index and time coefficient of first modal. The result shows that they have simi- lar cycle distribution, indicating that Flo.7 index is the main factor affecting variation of NmF〉 A function is established be- tween the tine coefficient of first modal and F10.7 index, average F10.7 index value of early 81 days fp by least squares method. The results show that contribution coefficient offp is negative which indicates that fp has an inert effect existing in the iono- sphere. Contribution coefficient of F10.7 is positive, which is consistent with the fact that it has an anomaly in winter/spring seasons. In summary, it is feasible to establish a mid-latitude empirical NmF2 model in northern hemisphere based on occulta- tion data and EOF decomposition method.
