春性小麦品种主要农艺性状与产量的相关及通径分析

对2004—2005年国家小麦品种展示的8个弱春性品种的主要农艺性状进行相关和通径分析,结果表明:农艺性状与产量的相关程度依次为:单位面积穗数(0.8034)、每穗粒数(0.5492)、千粒重(-0.4146)、株高(0.3366)、穗长(0.0639)和每穗小穗数(0.1824),对产量的直接影响重要性依次为:千粒重(1.5139)、每穗粒数(1.0816)、单位面积穗数(1.0254)、株高(0.4358)、每穗小穗数(0.2968)和穗长(-0.0274),表明了农艺性状间具有明显的制约关系。提出了河南春性小麦高产育种的策略和高产栽培技术。

国审春性小麦品种扬麦25种子提纯保优推广应用技术

扬麦25是江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所采用扬17*2//扬11/豫麦18选育而成的春性小麦品种。由于产量潜力大、综合抗性强、结实性较好、适应性较广、面粉天然白,再加上耐迟播,受到众多农业新型经营主体的青睐,推广面积稳步提升,2022年进入国家主推品种名录。笔者介绍了扬麦25种子提纯保优的方法和过程,并进行了技术总结,以期为该品种大面积推广应用提供优质种源支撑。

河南省近几年审定的弱春性小麦新品种产量表现

[目的]探索弱春性小麦品种产量及其构成三要素的关系，为今后弱春性小麦新品种选育提供参考。[方法]对2005～2012年河南省审定的32个弱春性小麦品种的产量及主要农艺性状进行相关分析和通径分析。[结果]随着年份增加小麦平均产量呈递增趋势，而产量构成中仅仅千粒重呈上升趋势。产量与主要农艺性状的相关程度为：生育期（0．67362）〉穗数（0．43068）〉千粒重（0．20986）〉株高（-0．41054）〉穗粒数（-0．56406）；3个产量构成因素对产量的直接通径系数大小顺序为穗数（1．2466）〉千粒重（1．1301）〉穗粒数（-0．0342）。[结论]根据分析结果和河南省目前生态条件及种植条件，弱春性小麦高产育种应注重中多穗型品种，兼顾穗重。

黄淮海地区不同冬春性小麦抗冻能力及冻害指标Ⅰ.隆冬期不同冬春性小麦抗冻能力比较

通过两年室外盆栽和室内人工控制试验,建立了不同冬春性小麦品种死苗率与低温的定量关系,确定了隆冬期不同冬春性小麦品种死苗率达10%、20%和50%的临界低温以及抗冻能力密度.结果表明:强冬性小麦品种抗冻能力最强,半致死温度最低(燕大1817为-21.5℃,京411为-21.2℃),其次是冬性品种(农大211为-21.1℃,农大5363为-20.3℃)和弱冬性品种(郑366为-18.5℃,平安8号为-18.4℃),春性品种抗冻能力最弱(郑9023为-15.4℃,偃展4110为-14.7℃).当温度降低到冬小麦冻害发生临界温度后,温度每降低1℃,弱冬性小麦(郑366和平安8号)死苗率增量最大,分别增加16.8%和25.8%,冬性小麦(农大211和农大5363)死苗率分别增加14.7%和18.9%,强冬性小麦(燕大1817和京411)死苗率分别增加15.4%和13.1%,春性小麦(郑9023和偃展4110)死苗率分别增加13.8%和15.1%,说明冻害发生后若持续降温,弱冬性品种遭受冻害风险更大.

Analysis on Main Traits of Spring Wheat Landraces in Tibet

In this study, 9 main traits of 774 spring wheat landraces in Tibet were investigated and analyzed. The results show that spring wheat landraces in Tibet have high plant height （with an average of 126.1 cm） and long growth period （with an average of 135.2 d）, with an average spike length of 9.5 cm, average effective tiller number per plant of 5.9, average spikelet number per spike of 19.9, average kernel number per spikelet of 3.5, average spikelet number per spike of 51.8, aver- age kernel weight per spike of 2.0 g, and average 1 000-grain weight of 38.1 g. Specifically, kernel number per spikelet of 2 landraces is larger than 6.0, spikelet number per spike of 2 landraces is larger than 100, kernel weight per spike of 2 landraces is larger than 4.0 g, 1 000-grain weight of 11 tandraces is larger than 50 g. There is abundant genetic diversity in those traits except in growth period, and the coefficient variation of 9 traits is in a decreasing order of effective tiller number per plant 〉 kernel weight per spike 〉 kernel number per spike 〉 spike length 〉 kernel number per spikelet 〉 1 000-grain weight 〉 plant height 〉 spikelet number per spike 〉 growth period. There is different relevance among different traits. Growth period is extremely significantly positively related to yield traits; grain number traits are extremely significantly positively relative to plant height and spike length, but ex- tremely significantly negatively relative to effective tiller number per plant; kernel number per spike is extremely significantly positively relative to kernel weight per spike, but extremely significantly negatively related to 1 000-grain weight; 1 000-grain weight is extremely significantly positively related to kernel weight per spike. Based on principal component analysis, these 9 traits could be included by 5 principal com- ponents （grain number, grain weight, spike length, tiller number and growth period）. According to the comprehensive evaluation values of these five principal components, 50 landraces including ZM019573, ZM019849, ZM019730, ZM018745, ZM019657, ZM019891, ZM020533, ZM018508, 7M019074 and ZM020026 have good performance.