14种含草酸钙结晶的中药材显微图谱鉴别

为了更好地鉴别中药材,试验采用光学显微镜摄影技术对14种中药材的草酸钙结晶及其他细胞进行显微观察与拍摄。结果表明:不同中药材草酸钙结晶的显微结构不同。说明通过显微观察中药材草酸钙结晶和特征细胞可以初步鉴定中药材。

胆木的生药学研究

目的:对胆木药材进行系统的生药学研究。方法:利用性状鉴别、显微鉴别及理化鉴别,对胆木药材进行性状、显微、理化鉴别;利用高效液相色谱法对异长春花苷内酰胺进行含量测定。结果:胆木茎横切面主要由表皮、皮层、韧皮部及木质部等组成;薄层色谱荧光斑点清晰;胆木茎中有效成分异长春花苷内酰胺含量为1.22%。结论:以上结果为胆木的鉴别、质量研究及进一步开发应用提供了科学依据。

黎族常用药牛耳枫生药学研究

目的:对牛耳枫药材进行系统地生药学研究。方法:采用性状鉴别、显微鉴别及理化鉴别的方法对牛耳枫药材的植物形态、药材性状、显微特征及薄层色谱等方面进行研究。结果:牛耳枫茎横切面主要由木栓层、皮层、韧皮部及木质部等组成;薄层色谱斑点清晰,重现性好。结论:本方法简便易行,可为生药牛耳枫的鉴别、质量研究及进一步开发应用提供科学依据。

叶下珠的药用价值与生药鉴定

目的 本文为开发叶下珠药用价值,对其进行鉴定研究。方法 从药材性状及各部位组织特征进行解剖及绘图。结果 建立了不同部位的组织显微围谱。结论 为制定质量标准提供依据。

以白云石为原料的镁锆铝耐火材料的烧结步骤及形成的相

由于开孔显微结构,MgO-CaZrO_3复合耐火材料得以应用于不同的工业领域。然而,MgO的活性限制了其在酸性条件下的应用。与MgO相比,Mg Al2O4具有化学惰性和更好的平衡机械性能,因此CaZrO_3-Mg Al2O4耐火材料具有更广泛的应用前景。通过固态反应研究了白云石作为原料制备CaZrO_3-Mg Al2O4耐火材料的可行性。在高达1 425℃的热处理过程中,在反应阶段通过衍射和红外光谱数据来研究热变化和结构变化。每个加热阶段会发生不同的相变化。其结果,最终产品主要由MgAl_2O_4、CaZrO_3和Ca2SiO_4相所组成,最佳合成温度为1 425℃。根据SEM显微图谱,证实在CaZrO_3和MgAl_2O_4之间存在陶瓷结合。

Catalytic performance and kinetics of Au/γ-Al_2O_3 catalysts for low-temperature combustion of light alcohols

Au/γ-Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by deposition-precipitation method for the catalytic combustion of low concentration alcohol streams(methanol,ethanol,iso-propanol and n-propanol).The catalysts were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),X-ray diffractometry(XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray micro analysis(EDS) techniques.The XPS results showed that there was only Au0 on the surface of catalysts.The XRD patterns showed that Au was presumably highly dispersed over γ-Al2O3.The temperatures for complete conversion of methanol,ethanol,iso-propanol and n-propanol with concentration of 2.0 g/m3 were 60,155,170 and 137 ℃,respectively,but they were completely mineralized into CO2 and H2O at 60,220,260 and 217 ℃ respectively over the optimized catalyst.The activity of the catalyst was stable in 130 h.The kinetics for the catalytic methanol elimination followed quasi-first order reaction expressed as r=0.652 8c0+0.084 2.The value of apparent activation energy is 54.7 kJ/mol in the range of reaction temperature.

Removal of reactive bright-red X-3B in water by Ti/13X molecular sieves

The compound materials （shorted by Ti/13X） of doping of TiO2 into 13X molecular sieves has-been achieved by methods namely impregnation. Technical parameters of preparation for Ti/13X were determined by removal efficiency of simulation dyeing wastewater containing reactive bright-red X-3B （shorted by X-3B）. In various preparation parameters, the influence of Ti loaded on 13X molecular sieves on X-3B removal efficiency is most important. The optimum condition for volume of TiCI4 loaded on 13X molecular sieves is 8 ml at 95.9%, produced sample referred as M8. M8 was characterized using X-Ray Diffraction （XRD）, Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM）. XRD patterns of M8 revealed the incorporation of titanium into framework of 13X molecular sieves, due to the presence ofTiO2 anatase phase. SEM image showed that M8 has a large number of wormhole-like channels, in comparison with that of 13X molecular sieves. The photocatalytic tests were carried out for degradation of X-3B. The results showed that the dosage of Ti/13X, reaction time, pH, and concentration of X-3B influence the X-3B removal efficiency. The optimum conditions of photodegradation as the following： MS/X-3B ratio, Conc. is 0.3 g/l, reaction time is 120 rain, pH is 2-6. The photodegradation reaction of Ti/13X with X-3B followed first order kinetics. The rate constants and t1/2 for M8 sample at 0.3 g/l M8/ X-3B solution ratio were 430 min^-1 and 16 min, respectively.

Preparation and infrared emissivities of alkali metal doped ZnO powders

Alkali metal(Li, Na, K) doped ZnO powders were synthesized by solid-state reaction at different calcination temperatures and holding time. Effects of holding time and K sources on the infrared emissivity of ZnO were investigated. The structure and surface morphologies of samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The UV-Vis absorption and infrared emissivities were investigated by a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and an infrared emissometer, respectively. XRD patterns confirm the wurtzite structure of the as prepared samples with single phase. Smooth grain surfaces are detected in all doped ZnO samples, while ZnO:Li and ZnO:Na present the aggregation of grains. The redshifts in the optical band-gap are observed in K-, Na-, and Li-doped ZnO with the values 3.150, 3.144, and 3.142 eV. Due to better crystalline quality, ZnO:K shows a lower emissivity than others. The emissivity of K-doped ZnO decreases to the minimum value(0.804), at 1200 °C and holding 2 h. Compared with KNO3 as K source, K2CO3 doped ZnO has lower emissivities.

山豆根研究进展及毒性成分检测方法补充报道

本文查阅中药山豆根(系属越南槐)研究报道,从药理和毒性、物质基础、成分提取、分析检测等几个方面综述其最新研究进展,为进一步深入开发启发研究思路。针对当前文献鲜见内容,补充报道山豆根药材的显微鉴别特征图片,介绍山豆根毒性成分金雀花型生物碱等的液相色谱-质谱定性定量检测方法,为该中药的安全监测提供更多参考。

Comparison of microwave-assisted extraction of aloe-emodin in aloe with Soxhlet extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction

This paper reports the extraction of aloe-emodin from aloe by microwave-assisted extraction. The effects of various factors, including the solvent, the ratio （mL/g） of the solvent to the sample, microwave irradiation time and microwave power, were discussed in the experiments. The yield of aloe-emodin was determined by HPLC. The optimized conditions for micro- wave-assisted extraction of aloe-emodin were concluded as follows： the solvent is 80% ethanol （V/V） solution, microwave ir- radiation time is 3 rain and microwave power is 340 W. Additionally, HPLC fingerprint was developed for consistency evalua- tion of aloe. The similarities of 3 aloe samples obtained by microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction and Soxhlet extraction were more than 0.9, indicating that 3 aloe samples were consistent. Compared with Soxhlet extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave extraction is a rapid method with higher yield and less solvent consumption. Aloe samples treated by microwave-assisted extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction and Soxhlet extraction were observed using transmission electronic microscopy. The micrographs provide evidence of more breakage of chloroplasts treated by micro- wave-assisted extraction as compared to Soxhlet extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction.

Preparation of nano-porous AlN micro-rods

In this paper, nano-porous A1N micro-rods were prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, Brunauer-Emett-Teller （BET） method of nitrogen adsorption at low temperature, UV-via absorption spectrometry and Raman spectrometry. The SEM images and TEM images showed that the A1N samples were micro-size rods with pores in their surfaces evenly. The length of the rod was in the range of a few mi- crons to tens of micron, the diameter of the rods was about one micron, the diameter of the pore was about hundreds of nano- meter and the wall thickness of the pore about tens of nanometer. The BET surface area of the sample was 41.424 ma/g. The optical spectra showed that the optical properties of the A1N samples almost agreed with that of A1N bulk or film.