球磨氧化铝晶粒尺寸与显微应变的关系

研究了高能球磨氧化铝的晶粒尺寸和显微应变发现球磨后氧化铝的显微应变（ε） 与晶粒尺寸（ Ｄ） 符合逆变关系， 即晶粒尺寸越小， 显微应变越大显微应变与晶粒尺寸的倒数成线性关系， 在ε～１ Ｄ 图上出现双斜率表明球磨不同阶段，

川西北松潘-甘孜褶皱带较场弧形构造显微应变机制

区域显微结构构造特征及其变形机制已经成为造山带运动学、动力学机制及模型的重要约束。对松潘-甘孜褶皱带较场弧形带15个定向构造样品显微薄片的研究表明:弧形带以中—浅层共轴挤压同变形-变质作用为主,形成残缕构造、对称眼球构造、膝折构造等;弧形带构造变形具有典型对称性应变的特征,东西两翼应变强度大致相当(γ≌1.8)、压缩率大致相等(C≌27%),由北向南相同单元内应变特征具有一定的增强趋势(而不同单元之间具有微弱减小的趋势),尤其是弗林指数K值(K>1)由北向南具有明显增大的特征,总体为三轴长椭球应变,为伸长型应变型式。较场弧形带的显微应变特征与典型弧形构造的"走滑成因"机制非对称性的特征迥异,其成因应归于以南北向主应力所控制的差异应力-应变机制。

板料成形过程显微应变分析方法

提出一种通过测定板料变形前后晶粒外形轮廓尺寸来计算板料局部应变的方法 ,将这种显微应变分析法对经单向拉伸后的侧面带圆弧缺口的板料的 4个位置的应变量的测定结果 ,与网格分析法的结果进行了比较 。

电铸金刚石-镍复合膜微观应力分析

用电铸方法,采用低应力电镀液,研制出了金刚石-金属复合膜。该复合膜的厚度为20-45μm,可用于制作超薄切割刀具。介绍了用X射线衍射法(XRD)测量多晶体微观应力的基本原理和用X射线衍射法测量镍多晶体显微应变的程序。用单波法计算了电铸金刚石-镍复合膜的显微应变,并用扫描电镜(SEM)观察了该复合膜的表面形貌。结果发现:阴极电流密度严重影响复合膜的显微应变,在实验所用电流密度范围内(0.6-3.5 A/dm2),随着电流密度的增加,显微应变减小。

金红石型TiO_2机械力化学变化XRD研究

采用X 射线衍射仪研究了高能球磨金红石型TiO2 机械力化学变化 ,并解释了机械力活化的内在机制。研究表明 :随着粉磨的进行 ,金红石型TiO2 的晶粒大小D减少、显微应变ε增加 ,有效温度系数增加 ,晶格无序化程度增强。晶粒大小D和显微应变ε成ε =17 4 98D- 0 5571 的逆变关系变化。机械力化学效应具有阶段性 ,采用晶粒尺寸、有效温度系数。

球磨过程中Fe/Al混合粉末的摩擦化学效应

利用ZJM 10T型搅拌式球磨机和X射线衍射仪研究了Fe/Al元素混合粉末在机械球磨过程中的摩擦化学效应.结果表明,Fe粉颗粒摩擦化学效应的变化规律与球磨机的转速无关,即无论低速或是高速,随着时间的延长,Fe粉颗粒的颗粒尺寸变小,显微应变增大,有效温度系数增大.而Al粉颗粒的摩擦化学效应的变化规律却与转速关系密切,低速时,其变化规律与Fe粉颗粒的变化规律一致;高转速时,随着时间的延长,Al粉颗粒的颗粒尺寸变大,显微应变增大,有效温度系数降低.

稀土元素La、Nd和Eu对化学镀镍层结构与性能的影响

研究了三种稀土元素La、Nd和Eu对化学沉积镍镀层结构的影响,结果表明,各稀土元素使合金镀层中各物相的晶格常数与它们各自的标准样品的晶格常数相比均有所降低。根据Cauchy-Gauss规则,用X-衍射分析结果对合金镀层的晶格常数和显微应变进行计算,结果显示,稀土元素均使合金镀层中各物相的晶格常数降低,显微应变增加,但稀土元素浓度对不同物相的影响不同。

退火温度对电沉积纳米晶镍组织结构与显微硬度的影响

采用脉冲电沉积法制备纳米晶镍,分析了退火温度对纳米晶镍组织结构与显微硬度的影响。利用差热分析仪、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪及显微硬度计对纳米晶镍的热稳定性、表面微观形貌、晶粒尺寸和显微应变及显微硬度进行了表征。结果表明,随着退火温度的升高,纳米晶镍的晶粒尺寸从室温时的20 nm左右逐步长大到400℃时的120 nm左右;显微应变从室温时的0.47%下降到400℃时的0.08%;显微硬度先上升,从室温时的530 HV0.01左右上升到200℃时达最大值660 HV0.01左右,此后显微硬度迅速下降,到400℃时只有330 HV0.01左右。

电铸自支撑金刚石-镍复合膜的制备(英文)

用电铸方法，采用低应力电镀液，制备出了自支撑金刚石-镍复合膜。电镀液PH值3．84．2，温度40～60℃，阳极与阴极间距100～150mm。用扫描电镜（SEM）和X射线衍射（XRD）方法检测了复合膜的表面形貌、晶体显微结构和复合膜中金刚石颗粒的分布情况。结果表明：阴极电流密度对自支撑金刚石-镍复合膜的品质影响很大，当阴极电流密度从1．3A／dm^2增加到3．3A／dm^3时，复合膜的显微应变从0．36％减小到0．28％；随着阴极电流密度的增加，复合膜中金刚石颗粒的含量增加。

Deformation behavior of Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr alloy with two initial microstructures during hot working

The effects of initial microstructure on the flow stress, strain rate sensitivity （m）, strain hardening exponent （n）, apparent activation energy （Q） for deformation of Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr alloy were investigated using isothermal compression tests. Results show that the alloy with Widmanst-tten alpha plates shows a higher peak stress and flow softening. Additionally, the alloy with equiaxed primary alpha exhibits an early yield drop at or above 810 ℃ and at strain rates of 0.1-5.0 s^-1. In the strain range of 0.5-0.7,m of the alloy with equiaxed primary alpha is found to be larger at 0.01 s^-1 and lower deformation temperatures. This phenomenon could be reasonably explained based on the microstructure evolution. The strain has a significant effect onn of the alloy with Widmanst-tten alpha plates, which is attributed to platelet bending/kinking and dynamic globularization ofα phase. In the strain range of 0.15-0.55,Q of the alloy with Widmanst-tten alpha plates is larger.

Effect of initial microstructure on hot workability of 7085 aluminum alloy

The hot workability of 7085 aluminum alloys with different initial microstructures （as-homogenized and as-solution treated） was studied by isothermal compression tests at the deformation temperature ranging from 300 to 450 ℃ and the strain rate ranging from 0.0001 to 1 s 1. The strain rate sensitivity of the alloy was evaluated and used for establishing the power dissipation maps and instability maps on the basis of the flow stress data. The results show that the efficiency of power dissipation for the as-homogenized alloy is lower than that of the as-solution treated alloy. The deformation parameters of the dynamic recrystallization for the as-homogenized and as-solution treated alloy occur at 400 ℃, 0.01 s i and 450 ℃, 0.001 s-1, respectively. The flow instability region of the as-homogenized alloy is narrower than that of the as-solution treated alloy. These differences of the alloys with two different initial microstructures on the processing maps are mainly related to the dynamic precipitation characteristics.

Microstructure and texture evolution of AZ31 magnesium alloy during large strain hot rolling

Commercial AZ31 magnesium alloy sheets were rolled by nearly 70% thickness reduction in one rolling pass at 823 K. The results show that ultrafine grains are distributed in both shear bands and surfaces of the rolled sheets. The grain size of the refined grain in the shear bands is 0.4-1 μm. The outstanding grain refinement is attained by dynamic recrystallization due to flow localization. The texture in middle layer of the sheet is basal texture with little change in intensity throughout the rolling process, while the texture on surface becomes a double-peak texture with basal poles splitting in the transverse direction（TD）. The relative intensity of the double-peak texture is 26.6, which is quite higher than that of the texture in the middle layer. The inhomogeneous strain distribution is responsible for the exceptional grain refinement and texture evolution.

Low cycle fatigue properties and cyclic deformation behavior of as-extruded AZ31 magnesium alloy

The low cycle fatigue(LCF)properties of as-extruded AZ31 Mg alloy were investigated under total strain amplitudes in the range of 0.4%-1.2%with strain rate of 1×10- 2s -1.Due to the twinning effect in compression during loading and the detwinning effect during unloading,the alloy showed an asymmetric hysteresis loop.The cyclic stress response exhibited cyclic hardening at high total strain amplitudes.The cyclic deformation behaviors were discussed using the Coffin-Manson plot,which divided the plastic strain amplitudes into the tension side and the compression side.Through the LCF tests that were started from either tension or compression under a total strain amplitude of 1.0%,the interaction between the twinning effect and dislocation was analyzed.The twinning effect during the LCF test and the variation of the dislocation density were investigated using optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy,respectively.

Effects of pre-deformation mode and strain on creep aging bend-forming process of Al-Cu-Li alloy

The bending deformation method was adopted to characterize the creep deformation behavior of Al-Cu-Li alloy in the creep aging forming(CAF) process based on a series of CAF tests, and the evolution laws of its mechanical properties and microstructures under different pre-deformation conditions were studied. The results show that the bending creep strain characterization method can intuitively describe the creep variation. With the increase of the pre-deformation strain, the creep strain of the specimen firstly increases and then decreases. The increase of the pre-deformation strain can promote the course of aging precipitation, and improve the formed alloy’s tensile properties at room temperature, the Kahn tearing properties, and the fatigue propagation properties. Pre-rolled specimens produce a slightly weaker work hardening than pre-stretched specimens, but they also create a stronger aging-strengthening effect;thus the strength, toughness and damage performance can be improved to some extent. Among all the types of specimens, the specimen with 3% rolling after CAF treatment has the best comprehensive mechanical properties.

Microstructure evolution and its effect on flow stress of TC17 alloy during deformation in α+β two-phase region

The microstructure evolution and its effect on flow stress of TC17 alloy during deformation in the α+β two-phase region were investigated via microstructure characterization and isothermal compression tests. Results showed that the spheroidized rate of α phase at 820 and 850℃ slightly increased with increasing strain. With increasing deformation temperature, the spheroidized rate of α phase showed a slight increasing trend, but the volume fraction of α phase significantly decreased. The flow stress at 780 ℃ and 1 s^-1 decreased continuously and steady state condition was not achieved up to strain of 1.2 due to dislocation annihilation and α lamellae rotation. Under this condition, the dynamic spheroidization was retarded. At the deformation temperatures of 820 and 850℃, and a strain rate of 1 s^-1, a steady state flow stress was observed at strains above 0.8 due to the balance between work hardening and dynamic softening. The dynamic softening was attributed to the α lamellae rotation, dynamic recovery and a little spheroidization.

Constitutive behavior, microstructural evolution and processing map of extruded Al-1.1Mn-0.3Mg-0.25RE alloy during hot compression

Hot compression tests of an extruded Al-1.1Mn-0.3Mg-0.25RE alloy were performed on Gleeble-1500 system in the temperature range of 300-500 ℃ and strain rate range of 0.01-10 s-l. The associated microstructural evolutions were studied by observation of optical and transmission electron microscopes. The results show that the peak stress level decreases with increasing deformation temperature and decreasing strain rate, which can be represented by a Zener-Hollomon parameter in the hyperbolic-sine equation with the hot deformation activation energy of 186.48 kJ/mol. The steady flow behavior results from dynamic recovery whereas flow softening is associated with dynamic recrystallization and dynamic transformation of constituent particles. The main constituent particles are enriched rare earth phases. Positive purifying effects on impurity elements of Fe and Si are shown in the Al-l.lMn-0.3Mg-0.25RE alloy, which increases the workability at high temperature. Processing map was calculated and an optimum processing was determined with deformation temperature of 440-450 ℃ and strain rate of 0.01 s-1.

Microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of Mg-8Gd-4Y-1Nd-0.5Zr alloy prepared by pre-deformation annealing, hot compression and ageing

An extruded Mg-8Gd-4Y-1Nd-0.5Zr alloy was pre-heated at 470℃ for 1 h and subsequently compressed at 470℃ and two strain rates of 0.2 and 0.0003 s^-1. Microstructure, texture and mechanical properties of the alloy were examined by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), hardness test and tensile test. The results show that the post-deformed microstructures of alloy are non-uniform at both strain rates due to the dissolution of RE-rich particles and the occurrence of DRX. The textures of post-deformed alloy are affected by strain rate. The alloy exhibits a strong basal texture of (0001)//ND (normal direction) after compression at 0.2 s^-1, while a weak texture component of (0001)//ED (extrusion direction) is formed in the compression obtained at 0.0003 s^-1. Compared with the alloy compressed at 0.0003 s^-1, the compressed alloy obtained at 0.2 s^-1 presents better comprehensive mechanical properties with the ultimate tensile strength of 426 MPa, yield strength of 345 MPa and ductility of 2.1% when being aged at 225℃ for 8 h.

Grain refinement and mechanical properties of pure aluminum processed by accumulative extrusion bonding

Ultrafine-grained aluminum processed by a new severe plastic deformation technique, accumulative extrusion bonding (AEB), was investigated. Microstructural characterization indicated good interfacial bonding and an average grain size of ~440 nm was obtained after six passes. Tensile testing revealed that the strength reached the maximum value of 195 MPa and the total elongation exceeded 16% after five passes. The hardness was also significantly improved and almost reached saturation after the first pass. SEM fractography of AEB-processed specimens after tensile test showed that failure mode was shear ductile fracture with elongated shallow dimples. Comparison with conventional accumulative roll bonding indicates that this new AEB technique is more effective in refining grain and improving mechanical properties of the specimens.

Effect of strain rate on microstructure and mechanical properties of spray-formed Al-Cu-Mg alloy

Transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),electron backscattered diffraction(EBSD),and tensile tests were used to study the effects of strain rates(0.1,1 and 9.1 s^(-1))on the microstructure and mechanical properties of spray-formed Al-Cu-Mg alloys during large-strain rolling at 420℃.Results show that during hot rolling,the proportion of high-angle grain boundaries(HAGBs)and the degree of dynamic recrystallization(DRX)initially increase and then decrease,whereas the average grain size and dislocation density show the opposite trend with the increase of the strain rate.In addition,the number of S′phases in the matrix decreases,and the grain boundary precipitates(GBPs)become coarser and more discontinuous as the strain rate increases.When the strain rate increases from 0.1 to 9.1 s^(-1),the tensile strength of the alloy decreases from 492.45 to 427.63 MPa,whereas the elongation initially increases from 12.1%to 21.8%and then decreases to 17.7%.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of laser beam welded TC4/TA15 dissimilar joints

The microstructure and mechanical properties of laser beam welded dissimilar joints in TC4 and TA15 titanium alloyswere investigated. The results showed that the coarse columnar grains containing a large amount of acicular α and martensite α′ werepresent in the fusion zone (FZ), some residual α phases and martensite structure were formed in the heat-affected zone (HAZ) onTC4 side, and bulk equiaxed α phase of the HAZ was on TA15 side. An asymmetrical microhardness profile across the dissimilarjoint was observed with the highest microhardness in the FZ and the lowest microhardness in TA15 BM. The orders of yield strengthand ultimate tensile strength were as follows: TC4 BM > TC4/TC4 similar joint > TA15 BM > TA15/TA15 similar joint > TC4/TA15dissimilar joint, and increased while hardening capacity and strain hardening exponent decreased with increasing strain rate from1×10?4 s?1 to 1×10?2 s?1. The TC4/TA15 dissimilar joints failed in the TA15 BM, and had characteristics of ductile fracture atdifferent strain rates.