We compared data of sea surface wind from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Interim Reanalysis(ERA-Interim) with that collected from eight buoys deployed in the Yellow and East China seas.The buoy...We compared data of sea surface wind from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Interim Reanalysis(ERA-Interim) with that collected from eight buoys deployed in the Yellow and East China seas.The buoy data covered a period from 2010 to 2011,during which the longest time series without missing data extended for 329 days.Results show that the ERA-Interim wind data agree well with the buoy data.The regression coefficients between the ERA-Interim and observed wind speed and direction are greater than 0.7 and 0.79,respectively.However,the ERA-Interim wind data overestimate wind speed at most of the buoy stations,for which the largest bias is 1.8 m/s.Moreover,it is found from scatter plots of wind direction that about 13%of the ERA-Interim wind data can be classified as bad for wind speeds below6 m/s.Overall,the ERA-Interim data forecast both the wind speed and direction well,although they are not very representative of our observations,especially those where the wind speed is below 6 m/s.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate pretreatment serum carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) as a predictor of survival for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer receiving perioperative chemotherapy.METHODS:We retrospectively studied a c...AIM:To evaluate pretreatment serum carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) as a predictor of survival for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer receiving perioperative chemotherapy.METHODS:We retrospectively studied a cohort of 228 gastric cancer patients who underwent D2 gastrectomy combined with chemotherapy at the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between January 2005 and December 2009.Among them,168 patients received 6-12 cycles of oxaliplatin-based adjuvant(post-operative) chemotherapy,while 60 received perioperative chemotherapy(2 cycles of FOLFOX6 or XELOX before surgery and 4-10 cycles after surgery).Serum CEA was measured using an enzyme immunoassay.The followup lasted until December 2010.RESULTS:In the group that had elevated serum CEA,the difference in survival time between patients receiving perioperative chemotherapy and those receiving adjuvant chemotherapy had no statistical significance(P > 0.05).However,in the group that had normal serum CEA,patients receiving perioperative chemotherapy had a longer survival time.In multivariate analysis,T staging and lymph node metastatic rate were independent prognostic factors for the patients.Perioperative chemotherapy improved the overall survival of patients who had a normal pretreatment CEA level(P = 0.070).CONCLUSION:Normal pretreatment serum CEA is a predictor of survival for patients receiving perioperative chemotherapy.展开更多
The first part of the paper shows that in American and European academia, the field of intellectual history has continued to neglect the world outside of the West. The reasons for this Eurocentric bias are related to ...The first part of the paper shows that in American and European academia, the field of intellectual history has continued to neglect the world outside of the West. The reasons for this Eurocentric bias are related to lasting hierarchies in the global landscape of historiography. To put it bluntly, Western scholars can afford to ignore historical approaches from other parts of the world, while the opposite is not the case. Whereas fields like subaltern studies have pointed at such problems, these hierarchies （and their historical roots ） have thus far hardly been considered in the debate about the future of intellectual history. In the second part, the paper outlines some important research agendas for the field of global intellectual history. For example, it argues that the transnational spread（ and local adaptation） of Eurocentric ideas since the 19th century remains insufficiently understood. The same is true for the changing facets of international hierarchies of knowledge, which have continued to influence historical scholarship around the world up until the present day.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41276026)the Ocean Special Project(No.XDA11020301)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2009CB421205)
文摘We compared data of sea surface wind from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Interim Reanalysis(ERA-Interim) with that collected from eight buoys deployed in the Yellow and East China seas.The buoy data covered a period from 2010 to 2011,during which the longest time series without missing data extended for 329 days.Results show that the ERA-Interim wind data agree well with the buoy data.The regression coefficients between the ERA-Interim and observed wind speed and direction are greater than 0.7 and 0.79,respectively.However,the ERA-Interim wind data overestimate wind speed at most of the buoy stations,for which the largest bias is 1.8 m/s.Moreover,it is found from scatter plots of wind direction that about 13%of the ERA-Interim wind data can be classified as bad for wind speeds below6 m/s.Overall,the ERA-Interim data forecast both the wind speed and direction well,although they are not very representative of our observations,especially those where the wind speed is below 6 m/s.
基金Supported by Grant from the State Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 81030043
文摘AIM:To evaluate pretreatment serum carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) as a predictor of survival for patients with locally advanced gastric cancer receiving perioperative chemotherapy.METHODS:We retrospectively studied a cohort of 228 gastric cancer patients who underwent D2 gastrectomy combined with chemotherapy at the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between January 2005 and December 2009.Among them,168 patients received 6-12 cycles of oxaliplatin-based adjuvant(post-operative) chemotherapy,while 60 received perioperative chemotherapy(2 cycles of FOLFOX6 or XELOX before surgery and 4-10 cycles after surgery).Serum CEA was measured using an enzyme immunoassay.The followup lasted until December 2010.RESULTS:In the group that had elevated serum CEA,the difference in survival time between patients receiving perioperative chemotherapy and those receiving adjuvant chemotherapy had no statistical significance(P > 0.05).However,in the group that had normal serum CEA,patients receiving perioperative chemotherapy had a longer survival time.In multivariate analysis,T staging and lymph node metastatic rate were independent prognostic factors for the patients.Perioperative chemotherapy improved the overall survival of patients who had a normal pretreatment CEA level(P = 0.070).CONCLUSION:Normal pretreatment serum CEA is a predictor of survival for patients receiving perioperative chemotherapy.
文摘The first part of the paper shows that in American and European academia, the field of intellectual history has continued to neglect the world outside of the West. The reasons for this Eurocentric bias are related to lasting hierarchies in the global landscape of historiography. To put it bluntly, Western scholars can afford to ignore historical approaches from other parts of the world, while the opposite is not the case. Whereas fields like subaltern studies have pointed at such problems, these hierarchies （and their historical roots ） have thus far hardly been considered in the debate about the future of intellectual history. In the second part, the paper outlines some important research agendas for the field of global intellectual history. For example, it argues that the transnational spread（ and local adaptation） of Eurocentric ideas since the 19th century remains insufficiently understood. The same is true for the changing facets of international hierarchies of knowledge, which have continued to influence historical scholarship around the world up until the present day.
