To study the damage mechanism of single-layer reticulated domes subject to severe earthquakes, three limit states of single-layer reticulated domes under earthquakes are defined firstly in this paper. Then, two failur...To study the damage mechanism of single-layer reticulated domes subject to severe earthquakes, three limit states of single-layer reticulated domes under earthquakes are defined firstly in this paper. Then, two failure modes are presented by analyzing damage behaviors, and their characteristics are pointed out respectively. Furthermore, the damage process is analyzed and the causes of structural damage in different levels are studied. Finally, by comparing deformation and vibration status of domes with different failure modes, the principles of different failures are revealed and an integrated frame of damage mechanism is set up.展开更多
Performance art in every region and country depends mainly on rules, customs, and beliefs of that particular society hence; this art enjoys diversity with respect to its forms and contents. In contemporary lran, with ...Performance art in every region and country depends mainly on rules, customs, and beliefs of that particular society hence; this art enjoys diversity with respect to its forms and contents. In contemporary lran, with the emergence of new artistic movements, performance art incorporated more academic and enlighten aspects. New mass media and modern visual medium such as light, sound, moving, and changing images, video displays as well as application of new signs and symbols are some of the special characteristics of the contemporary performance art in Iran. Moreover, the performance art in Iran is not merely related to the contemporary era rather it encompasses a large number of traditional representations that have been prevalent among common people with much meaningful rules. Its popularity among common people is also a conceptual art which conveys a content-based meaning in a more dramatic sense. For centuries, the tradition of performance art in Iran can be observed in the rules of Ta＇aziehkhani （quite singing or passion play）, Shamayelgardani （icon handling）, Ru-howzi （performance on pool platform）, Marekegiri （mono drama）, Qhashoqhzani （spoon handling） and Aroosakgardani （puppet handling）. Aestheticism relying on traditional performing method is also the outcome of taste and elegance of common people. These performances have more folkloric aspects protruding from humane institutions and blended with their vernacular beliefs. In the traditional method of performance art, performers mostly enjoy their own taste and style and use handy means for executing their roles. In contemporary Iran, traditional method along with modern theme has been widespread among people particularly in villages and small townships although these are not called as art. The present study is an attempt to study existing challenges to modern and ancient art traditions as well as aesthetic values attributed to each of them.展开更多
The paper shows several typical arrangements and functions of LV distribution in various power plants and analyses of electromechanical dynamic behavior with NEPLAN simulator. The paper was created on the basis of res...The paper shows several typical arrangements and functions of LV distribution in various power plants and analyses of electromechanical dynamic behavior with NEPLAN simulator. The paper was created on the basis of research project Permanent Prosperity （2A-1TP1/139）-Safety aspects of advanced nuclear reactors in support of Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Czech Republic.展开更多
Animals communicate information within their environments via visual, chemical, auditory, and/or tactile modalities. The use of each modalityis generally linked to particular brain regions, but it is not yet known whe...Animals communicate information within their environments via visual, chemical, auditory, and/or tactile modalities. The use of each modalityis generally linked to particular brain regions, but it is not yet known whether the cellular morphology of neurons in these regions has evolved in association with the relative use of a modality.We investigated relationships between the behavioral use of communication modalities and neural morphologies in six lizard species. Two of these species （Anolis carol# nensis and Leiocephalus carinatus） primarily use visual signals to communicate with conspecifics and detect potential prey, and two （Aspidoscelis gularis and Scincella lateralis） communicate and forage primarily using chemical signals. Two other species （Hemidactylus turcicus and Sceloporus olivaceus） use both visual and chemical signals. For each species, we performed beha- vioral observations and quantified rates of visual and chemical behaviors. We then cryosectioned brain tissues from 9-10 males of each species and measured the soma size and density of neurons in two brain regions associated with visual behaviors （the lat- eral geniculate nucleus and the nucleus rotundus） and one region associated with chemical behaviors （the nucleus sphericus）. With analyses conducted in a phylogenetic context, we found that species that performed higher rates of visual displays had a denser lateral geniculate nucleus, and species that used a higher proportion of chemical displays had larger somas in the nucleus sphericus. These relationships suggest that neural morphologies in the brain have evolved convergently in species with similar communication behaviors .展开更多
The syntheses, crystal structures, magnetic and luminescent properties of three isornorphous compounds [LnIII6（,u4-O）2（C4A）2- （NO3）2（HCOO）2（CH30）2（DMF）4（CH3OH）4] （Ln = Gd （1）, Tb （2） and Dy （3）; H...The syntheses, crystal structures, magnetic and luminescent properties of three isornorphous compounds [LnIII6（,u4-O）2（C4A）2- （NO3）2（HCOO）2（CH30）2（DMF）4（CH3OH）4] （Ln = Gd （1）, Tb （2） and Dy （3）; H4C4A = p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene） are reported. These three compounds are featured with the sandwich-like units constructed by two tail-to-tail calixarene molecules and an in-between Lnm6 octahedron. The DyTM compound exhibits both single molecule magnet behavior and photoluminescence.展开更多
An increasing trend in use of tracking devices such as geolocators is based on the assumption that the information gathered from such devices provides reliable information about the migratory behavior of free-living b...An increasing trend in use of tracking devices such as geolocators is based on the assumption that the information gathered from such devices provides reliable information about the migratory behavior of free-living birds. This underlying as- sumption is rarely tested, as evidenced by the absence in many studies of controls, in particular treated controls, and so far never with a reasonable statistical power. Published studies have shown reduced survival prospects or delayed breeding in some species, suggesting that there may be reason to doubt that tracking devices provide unbiased information. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies applying geolocators to wild birds to determine whether geolocators affected fitness components. Ge- olocators had an overall negative effect on fitness components, in particular survival, and ecological variables. Effect size was larger for aerial foragers than for other species. Moreover the leg band attachment method was more detrimental for birds than the leg-loop backpack harness. A meta-regression model of effect size showed independent negative effects of geolocators on ae- rial foragers, smaller species, species with smaller migration distances and in studies where geolocators were attached with a ring. These results suggest that geolocator studies should be interpreted with caution, but also raise questions whether it is ethically defensible to use geolocators on aerial foragers or small species without carrying out robust pilot studies.展开更多
In this paper, we present a differential infectivity SIR epidemic model with modified saturation incidences and stochastic perturbations. We show that the stochastic epidemic model has a unique global positive solutio...In this paper, we present a differential infectivity SIR epidemic model with modified saturation incidences and stochastic perturbations. We show that the stochastic epidemic model has a unique global positive solution, and we utilize stochastic Lyapunov functions to show the asymptotic behavior of the solution.展开更多
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.90715034)
文摘To study the damage mechanism of single-layer reticulated domes subject to severe earthquakes, three limit states of single-layer reticulated domes under earthquakes are defined firstly in this paper. Then, two failure modes are presented by analyzing damage behaviors, and their characteristics are pointed out respectively. Furthermore, the damage process is analyzed and the causes of structural damage in different levels are studied. Finally, by comparing deformation and vibration status of domes with different failure modes, the principles of different failures are revealed and an integrated frame of damage mechanism is set up.
文摘Performance art in every region and country depends mainly on rules, customs, and beliefs of that particular society hence; this art enjoys diversity with respect to its forms and contents. In contemporary lran, with the emergence of new artistic movements, performance art incorporated more academic and enlighten aspects. New mass media and modern visual medium such as light, sound, moving, and changing images, video displays as well as application of new signs and symbols are some of the special characteristics of the contemporary performance art in Iran. Moreover, the performance art in Iran is not merely related to the contemporary era rather it encompasses a large number of traditional representations that have been prevalent among common people with much meaningful rules. Its popularity among common people is also a conceptual art which conveys a content-based meaning in a more dramatic sense. For centuries, the tradition of performance art in Iran can be observed in the rules of Ta＇aziehkhani （quite singing or passion play）, Shamayelgardani （icon handling）, Ru-howzi （performance on pool platform）, Marekegiri （mono drama）, Qhashoqhzani （spoon handling） and Aroosakgardani （puppet handling）. Aestheticism relying on traditional performing method is also the outcome of taste and elegance of common people. These performances have more folkloric aspects protruding from humane institutions and blended with their vernacular beliefs. In the traditional method of performance art, performers mostly enjoy their own taste and style and use handy means for executing their roles. In contemporary Iran, traditional method along with modern theme has been widespread among people particularly in villages and small townships although these are not called as art. The present study is an attempt to study existing challenges to modern and ancient art traditions as well as aesthetic values attributed to each of them.
文摘The paper shows several typical arrangements and functions of LV distribution in various power plants and analyses of electromechanical dynamic behavior with NEPLAN simulator. The paper was created on the basis of research project Permanent Prosperity （2A-1TP1/139）-Safety aspects of advanced nuclear reactors in support of Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Czech Republic.
基金We thank the members of the Johnson Lab at Trinity University for assistance in the field and labor- atory - particularly Bonnie Kircher, Alisa Dill, Michelle Ob- emdorf, Adam Silva, Taren Blackmon, Jordan Bush, McKen- zie Quinn, EUee Cook, Grayam Sailor-Tynes, and Collin Shinkle. We also thank David Ribble, Troy Murphy, Jimmy Roberts, Kevin McIntyre, and three reviewers for comments on an earlier version of this work, and Kevin McIntyre and Kimberly Phillips for statistical advice. This work was funded by a Sigma Xi GIAR （to C.D.R.）, a Trinity University Mind Science Foundation grant （to C.D.R.）, Trinity University＇s HHMI and Biology Summer Undergraduate Research Fel- lowships （to C.D.R.）, Texas Ecolab, and the National Science Foundation （IOS 1257021 to M.A.J.）. All procedures were approved by Trinity University＇s Animal Research Committee （protocol # 050213_MAJ2）.
文摘Animals communicate information within their environments via visual, chemical, auditory, and/or tactile modalities. The use of each modalityis generally linked to particular brain regions, but it is not yet known whether the cellular morphology of neurons in these regions has evolved in association with the relative use of a modality.We investigated relationships between the behavioral use of communication modalities and neural morphologies in six lizard species. Two of these species （Anolis carol# nensis and Leiocephalus carinatus） primarily use visual signals to communicate with conspecifics and detect potential prey, and two （Aspidoscelis gularis and Scincella lateralis） communicate and forage primarily using chemical signals. Two other species （Hemidactylus turcicus and Sceloporus olivaceus） use both visual and chemical signals. For each species, we performed beha- vioral observations and quantified rates of visual and chemical behaviors. We then cryosectioned brain tissues from 9-10 males of each species and measured the soma size and density of neurons in two brain regions associated with visual behaviors （the lat- eral geniculate nucleus and the nucleus rotundus） and one region associated with chemical behaviors （the nucleus sphericus）. With analyses conducted in a phylogenetic context, we found that species that performed higher rates of visual displays had a denser lateral geniculate nucleus, and species that used a higher proportion of chemical displays had larger somas in the nucleus sphericus. These relationships suggest that neural morphologies in the brain have evolved convergently in species with similar communication behaviors .
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20971119, 51074148, 91026024)
文摘The syntheses, crystal structures, magnetic and luminescent properties of three isornorphous compounds [LnIII6（,u4-O）2（C4A）2- （NO3）2（HCOO）2（CH30）2（DMF）4（CH3OH）4] （Ln = Gd （1）, Tb （2） and Dy （3）; H4C4A = p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene） are reported. These three compounds are featured with the sandwich-like units constructed by two tail-to-tail calixarene molecules and an in-between Lnm6 octahedron. The DyTM compound exhibits both single molecule magnet behavior and photoluminescence.
文摘An increasing trend in use of tracking devices such as geolocators is based on the assumption that the information gathered from such devices provides reliable information about the migratory behavior of free-living birds. This underlying as- sumption is rarely tested, as evidenced by the absence in many studies of controls, in particular treated controls, and so far never with a reasonable statistical power. Published studies have shown reduced survival prospects or delayed breeding in some species, suggesting that there may be reason to doubt that tracking devices provide unbiased information. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of studies applying geolocators to wild birds to determine whether geolocators affected fitness components. Ge- olocators had an overall negative effect on fitness components, in particular survival, and ecological variables. Effect size was larger for aerial foragers than for other species. Moreover the leg band attachment method was more detrimental for birds than the leg-loop backpack harness. A meta-regression model of effect size showed independent negative effects of geolocators on ae- rial foragers, smaller species, species with smaller migration distances and in studies where geolocators were attached with a ring. These results suggest that geolocator studies should be interpreted with caution, but also raise questions whether it is ethically defensible to use geolocators on aerial foragers or small species without carrying out robust pilot studies.
基金Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank the anonymous referees and the editor for their very helpful comments and suggestions. J. Wang and G. Li are supported by the Science and Technology Research Project of Department of Education of Heilongjiang Province （No. 12531495）. J. Wang is supported by Natural Science Foundation of China （TianYuan, No. 11226255）.
文摘In this paper, we present a differential infectivity SIR epidemic model with modified saturation incidences and stochastic perturbations. We show that the stochastic epidemic model has a unique global positive solution, and we utilize stochastic Lyapunov functions to show the asymptotic behavior of the solution.
