An electrochemical study on the redox behavior of indium in the eutectic LiCl-KCl system at 450 ℃ was carried out with the transient techniques of cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry on an inert molybdenum ele...An electrochemical study on the redox behavior of indium in the eutectic LiCl-KCl system at 450 ℃ was carried out with the transient techniques of cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry on an inert molybdenum electrode. The reduction of In(Ⅲ) was found to be a two-step process involving In(Ⅲ)/In(Ⅰ) and In(Ⅰ)/In couples at the potentials of about-0.4 and-0.8 V versus Ag/AgCl, respectively. The redox mechanism was further confirmed by the theoretical evaluation of the number of transferred electrons based on cyclic voltammetry and characterizations of the precipitates generated by the potentiostatic electrolysis. The diffusion coefficients of indium ions in the eutectic LiCl-KCl melt at 450 ℃ were estimated by cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry. The results obtained through the two methods are in fair agreement, delivering an average diffusion coefficient of approximately 1.8×10^(-5)cm^(2)/s for In(Ⅲ), and 1.4×10^(-4)cm^(2)/s for In(Ⅰ).展开更多
In this paper some selected items of changes in the human resources in Polish agriculture at the beginning of 2 Ist century were presented, especially the questions of employment and education of the rural areas popul...In this paper some selected items of changes in the human resources in Polish agriculture at the beginning of 2 Ist century were presented, especially the questions of employment and education of the rural areas population, including farmers. The employment, as the first of the issues, was presented against the changes in the EU and the stable but non-revolutionary character of changes in Polish agriculture was underlined. To illustrate the connections between the process of changes in agriculture and the level of education some statistic data were shown. The disproportion in education level between the urban and the rural population was exposed with the emphasis on poor education of the farmers. The author also discussed the further prospects of human resources changes in the rural area to 2035. At the same time the importance of education in the process of raising the standard of life and work of people in the rural areas was stressed.展开更多
The fields of engineering, architecture and urbanism ought to ponder on constructive changes to be employed in the environment. Environmental vulnerability usually reaches sites with greater abundance of water resourc...The fields of engineering, architecture and urbanism ought to ponder on constructive changes to be employed in the environment. Environmental vulnerability usually reaches sites with greater abundance of water resources that are exposed to contaminable factors, which usually become residential expansion areas, and often extrapolate city boundaries. The general objective of this study is to assess physical characteristics of the subbasins of the Curtume and Agua Preta streams, located in the Paraiba do Sul watershed in the municipality of Pindamonhangaba, in the state of Sao Paulo （SP）, Brazil. The current situation regarding this environment, based on soil type and morphometric and physiographic attributes, is specifically sought to be identified. The results show the morphological and physiographic relationships with the hydrological data that determine the natural pattern of the site, associated with anthropic actions that characterize potentialities and vulnerabilities of the area, thus determining environmental dynamics. The results demonstrate that urban sprawl and residential constructions in subbasin conservation areas should occur in a planned and strategic manner, without advancing to water conservation areas.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51904003,U1703130,51704011)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M651466)the Foundation of Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Engineering&Resources Recycling of China(Nos.SKF18-01,SKF19-05).
文摘An electrochemical study on the redox behavior of indium in the eutectic LiCl-KCl system at 450 ℃ was carried out with the transient techniques of cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry on an inert molybdenum electrode. The reduction of In(Ⅲ) was found to be a two-step process involving In(Ⅲ)/In(Ⅰ) and In(Ⅰ)/In couples at the potentials of about-0.4 and-0.8 V versus Ag/AgCl, respectively. The redox mechanism was further confirmed by the theoretical evaluation of the number of transferred electrons based on cyclic voltammetry and characterizations of the precipitates generated by the potentiostatic electrolysis. The diffusion coefficients of indium ions in the eutectic LiCl-KCl melt at 450 ℃ were estimated by cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry. The results obtained through the two methods are in fair agreement, delivering an average diffusion coefficient of approximately 1.8×10^(-5)cm^(2)/s for In(Ⅲ), and 1.4×10^(-4)cm^(2)/s for In(Ⅰ).
文摘In this paper some selected items of changes in the human resources in Polish agriculture at the beginning of 2 Ist century were presented, especially the questions of employment and education of the rural areas population, including farmers. The employment, as the first of the issues, was presented against the changes in the EU and the stable but non-revolutionary character of changes in Polish agriculture was underlined. To illustrate the connections between the process of changes in agriculture and the level of education some statistic data were shown. The disproportion in education level between the urban and the rural population was exposed with the emphasis on poor education of the farmers. The author also discussed the further prospects of human resources changes in the rural area to 2035. At the same time the importance of education in the process of raising the standard of life and work of people in the rural areas was stressed.
文摘The fields of engineering, architecture and urbanism ought to ponder on constructive changes to be employed in the environment. Environmental vulnerability usually reaches sites with greater abundance of water resources that are exposed to contaminable factors, which usually become residential expansion areas, and often extrapolate city boundaries. The general objective of this study is to assess physical characteristics of the subbasins of the Curtume and Agua Preta streams, located in the Paraiba do Sul watershed in the municipality of Pindamonhangaba, in the state of Sao Paulo （SP）, Brazil. The current situation regarding this environment, based on soil type and morphometric and physiographic attributes, is specifically sought to be identified. The results show the morphological and physiographic relationships with the hydrological data that determine the natural pattern of the site, associated with anthropic actions that characterize potentialities and vulnerabilities of the area, thus determining environmental dynamics. The results demonstrate that urban sprawl and residential constructions in subbasin conservation areas should occur in a planned and strategic manner, without advancing to water conservation areas.
