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李可染早、晚期书法比较论
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作者 张克锋 《文艺评论》 CSSCI 北大核心 2009年第4期79-80,81-82,共4页
李可染早期(20世纪40年代)题画书法线条自然流畅,富有弹性,骨力雄强,字形大小错落,天真活泼,奇趣横生,章法浑然天成,风格多样,具有很强的抒情写意性。晚期(20世纪80年代)书法沉雄、厚重、刚健、奇崛、拙朴、雍容大度、金石味十足,风格... 李可染早期(20世纪40年代)题画书法线条自然流畅,富有弹性,骨力雄强,字形大小错落,天真活泼,奇趣横生,章法浑然天成,风格多样,具有很强的抒情写意性。晚期(20世纪80年代)书法沉雄、厚重、刚健、奇崛、拙朴、雍容大度、金石味十足,风格独特、强烈,但线条略显迟滞、刻板,结构平板、沉闷,缺少自然、生动之趣。晚年书法的缺陷是过分追求个人风格从而压抑激情和天性,刻意雕琢经营所致。 展开更多
关键词 李可染 早期题画书法 晚期书法
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The Modals as Pragmatic Softening Devices: Evidence From Late Modern English Grammar and Manner Books
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作者 Hiroshi Obara 《Journal of Literature and Art Studies》 2013年第8期518-524,共7页
In this research, the author considers the evidence provided by a corpus of Late Modem English grammars for our understanding of the development of the modals as politeness markers. It is possible to see how the modal... In this research, the author considers the evidence provided by a corpus of Late Modem English grammars for our understanding of the development of the modals as politeness markers. It is possible to see how the modals and their accompanied senses are explained in an official (and often either prescriptive or proscriptive) perspective. This is another aspect which cannot be ascertained from the usage based on corpora which seem to be popular as sources of evidence in historical pragmatics. In this sense, this research brings some novel perspective to this aspect of academic study. It is possible to notice that the significations involves concept or senses which extend across a semantic--pragmatic domain which includes politeness. We can see that certain softening senses are key elements to mark polite usage. The main data used come from the descriptions of the modal auxiliary verb in a corpus of grammar books from the period. Usage and manner books are also consulted as a secondary resource. The manner book in particular is quite helpful for our understanding of how linguistic politeness was regarded at the time. Such texts also help us to find a certain network of senses which are related to polite expressions. 展开更多
关键词 MODALS network of senses historical development politeness expression
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