A complete cDNA of potato Phytophthora infestans-induced hypersensitive response-related protein gene (POTHR-1) was cloned using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) strategy according to a fragment sequence which ...A complete cDNA of potato Phytophthora infestans-induced hypersensitive response-related protein gene (POTHR-1) was cloned using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) strategy according to a fragment sequence which we had cloned using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) technique. The potato POTHR-1 gene encodes a protein of 225 amino acids, which shares 81% identity with tobacco hin1 gene-enoded protein (harpin-induced protein). Southern blot revealed that there are two to three copies of POTHR-1 in potato genome. The POTHR-1 gene expression in potato leaves showed that its transcripts accumulated remarkably in leaves after 36 h inoculation with P. infestans. Mechanical wounding and jasmonic acid (JA) could induce the POTHR-1 gene expression and osmotic stress just induce a slight accumulation of POTHR-1 gene mRNA, while salicylic acid (SA) had no detectable function on the induction accumulation of POTHR-1 gene transcripts. The potato POTHR-1 gene may preferentially associate with hypersensitive response (HR) or biotic cell death during interaction between host and pathogen.展开更多
Mancozeb is a multi-site fungicide used to control late blight （Phytophthora infestans） and early blight （Alternaria solani） in potatoes, and is currently due for re-approval as part of the EU Sustainable Use Dire...Mancozeb is a multi-site fungicide used to control late blight （Phytophthora infestans） and early blight （Alternaria solani） in potatoes, and is currently due for re-approval as part of the EU Sustainable Use Directive---Authorisation of Plant Protection Products Regulation （EC） No 1107/2009. In order to understand its value to the EU potato industry, a stakeholder survey was conducted to understand the implications for P. infestans control and the impact on EU potato production if mancozeb was not available. In total, 319 growers and advisers were surveyed in 8 countries： France, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Greece, Italy, Spain and the UK, to determine how they use mancozeb, potential alternative control strategies and the implications of withdrawal. This study demonstrates that mancozeb is a widely used and cost-effective multisite active ingredient, which is a highly valued means of control for P. infestans. Based on the survey results, a loss of mancozeb would lead to a reduction in gross margin for potato producers in these countries of 787 million to 507 million depending on the level of P. infestans pressure. The combined impact of high cost of production and increased risks is likely to lead to reductions in the availability of EU potatoes and increased costs to consumers. In addition, an assessment was completed to determine the impact of mancozeb withdrawal on fungicide resistance development to single-site acting fungicides, finding that the loss of a multi-site active ingredient like mancozeb would severely compromise fungicide resistance management.展开更多
文摘A complete cDNA of potato Phytophthora infestans-induced hypersensitive response-related protein gene (POTHR-1) was cloned using rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) strategy according to a fragment sequence which we had cloned using suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) technique. The potato POTHR-1 gene encodes a protein of 225 amino acids, which shares 81% identity with tobacco hin1 gene-enoded protein (harpin-induced protein). Southern blot revealed that there are two to three copies of POTHR-1 in potato genome. The POTHR-1 gene expression in potato leaves showed that its transcripts accumulated remarkably in leaves after 36 h inoculation with P. infestans. Mechanical wounding and jasmonic acid (JA) could induce the POTHR-1 gene expression and osmotic stress just induce a slight accumulation of POTHR-1 gene mRNA, while salicylic acid (SA) had no detectable function on the induction accumulation of POTHR-1 gene transcripts. The potato POTHR-1 gene may preferentially associate with hypersensitive response (HR) or biotic cell death during interaction between host and pathogen.
文摘Mancozeb is a multi-site fungicide used to control late blight （Phytophthora infestans） and early blight （Alternaria solani） in potatoes, and is currently due for re-approval as part of the EU Sustainable Use Directive---Authorisation of Plant Protection Products Regulation （EC） No 1107/2009. In order to understand its value to the EU potato industry, a stakeholder survey was conducted to understand the implications for P. infestans control and the impact on EU potato production if mancozeb was not available. In total, 319 growers and advisers were surveyed in 8 countries： France, Germany, Ireland, Netherlands, Greece, Italy, Spain and the UK, to determine how they use mancozeb, potential alternative control strategies and the implications of withdrawal. This study demonstrates that mancozeb is a widely used and cost-effective multisite active ingredient, which is a highly valued means of control for P. infestans. Based on the survey results, a loss of mancozeb would lead to a reduction in gross margin for potato producers in these countries of 787 million to 507 million depending on the level of P. infestans pressure. The combined impact of high cost of production and increased risks is likely to lead to reductions in the availability of EU potatoes and increased costs to consumers. In addition, an assessment was completed to determine the impact of mancozeb withdrawal on fungicide resistance development to single-site acting fungicides, finding that the loss of a multi-site active ingredient like mancozeb would severely compromise fungicide resistance management.
