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私人喊冤及国家应对:英国普通法上的控诉状 被引量:2
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作者 张传玺 《历史研究》 CSSCI 北大核心 2016年第6期139-159,共21页
普通法上的控诉状源于私人向王室司法权威的喊冤(控诉)行为,存在于13世纪中期到14世纪后期百余年间。控诉状有着与令状不同的概念、形式和适用情形。在"王室司法地方化"的背景下,以令状制受限为契机,控诉状的应用逐步扩展到... 普通法上的控诉状源于私人向王室司法权威的喊冤(控诉)行为,存在于13世纪中期到14世纪后期百余年间。控诉状有着与令状不同的概念、形式和适用情形。在"王室司法地方化"的背景下,以令状制受限为契机,控诉状的应用逐步扩展到民事领域,为地方民众提供了全面的王室救济,发展为相对独立的法律制度;它对令状制起到功能替代的作用,弥补了令状制的缺陷,并最终与令状制合流。控诉状制度对英国法律机制和实体法律体系的发展发挥了重要作用:它推动"国王和平"观念的转变,见证衡平和议会立法的兴起,并参与完善以"侵权行为法"和"契约法"两大分支为主的普通债法,最终完成对英国法的形塑。 展开更多
关键词 普通 控诉状 王室司地方化 国王和平 普通债法
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Stock Performance of the Property Sector in Malaysia
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作者 Chan Kok Thim Yap Voon Choong Nur Qasrina Binti Asri 《Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing》 2012年第2期241-246,共6页
Property investment in Malaysia is increasingly popular among local and foreign investors. The strong support by the government through the relaxation and lifting of certain restrictions and regulations on property ow... Property investment in Malaysia is increasingly popular among local and foreign investors. The strong support by the government through the relaxation and lifting of certain restrictions and regulations on property ownerships, have attracted investments in the Malaysian property market. This research studies the factors affecting the performance of 36 property firms listed on the Main Board of Bursa Malaysia from 2003 to 2007. This research employed ordinary least squares (OLS) method to represent all the variables comprising stock performance, return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), debt ratio (DR), net profit margin (NPM), effective tax rate (ETR), earnings per share (EPS), and price earning (PE) ratio. Results show that ROA, ROE, and EPS have strong significant relationships with the property stock performance. Although it is a small sample size, some relevant changes and modifications can be included in future studies to obtain better results. 展开更多
关键词 stock performance property market financial ratios regression
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