箭筈豌豆的梨园景观化利用及养分特征

为促进当地生态观光农业的可持续发展及贵州观赏绿肥的研究提供参考,采用田间对比试验研究箭筈豌豆不同播种量(T 12 kg/667m^2,T 23 kg/667m^2,T 34 kg/667m^2)对梨园景观化利用效果及其养分积累的影响。结果表明:在盛花期,T 3株高最高,为138.00 cm,T 2根长最长,为18.50 cm,3个处理的株高与根长差异均不显著;T 3的花朵数、花面积及整株鲜草产量最多(高),分别为1525朵/m^2、3001 cm^2/m^2和7022.0 g/m^2,花朵长和宽分别为1.50 cm和1.67 cm;地上部分对N、P和K的积累量分别为473.35 kg/hm^2、31.96 kg/hm^2和272.90 kg/hm^2,均显著高于其余处理;T 2的C积累量为5781.73 kg/hm^2,显著高于T 1,与T 3差异不明显;T 3地下部分对N、P、K及C的积累量分别为17.93 kg/hm^2、1.23 kg/hm^2、12.91 kg/hm^2和3447.94 kg/hm^2,均比其余处理高,差异不显著。箭筈豌豆最佳播种量为4 kg/667m^2时,其在果园绿肥景观化利用中的观赏和利用效果最佳。

土耳其埃格迪尔无废公园建设的经验与启示

《国务院办公厅关于印发“无废城市”建设试点工作方案的通知》提出资源化利用固体废弃物的无废城市建设目标。无废公园是无废城市建设的重要内容之一,面临如何景观化利用场地上既有固体废弃物的问题。文章以土耳其埃格迪尔无废公园为例,解读其景观化利用金属、塑料和木质固体废弃物的方法。通过景观特征评估法,评估上述3类固体废弃物景观化再利用后的使用价值、象征价值、教育价值和娱乐价值。借鉴埃格迪尔无废公园经验,我国城市有必要从多元化角度,思考既有固体废弃物的属性特征及其与场地空间的融合,从更深层次思考场地的设计逻辑与固体废弃物二次利用后的景观装置形态,挖掘不同类型固体废弃物及其组合形式的潜在价值。

Analysis and Simulation for Landscape Pattern Changes of Land Use in Wuzhong District, Suzhou City

Based on analyzing the changes of land use in Wuzhong District, Suzhou City from 2005 to 2008, temporal and spatial changes of land use from 2008 to 2020 were analyzed by using the model CLUE-S and, from the perspective of landscape ecology, future landscape pattern changes of land use in Wuzhong District were also quantitatively discussed by utilizing landscape indices. The results indicated that there was a large variation range of land use in Wuzhong District from 2005 to 2008 and massive farmland and woodland were transformed into construction land and gardens. Guided by the policy of saving intensive land and protecting farmland, future variation range of land use will get smaller obviously. The fragmentation degree for farmland, woodland and water area will get decreased but will get increased relatively for construction land. In general, all landscapes tend to a balanced development.

Road Impacts on Spatial Patterns of Land Use and Landscape Fragmentation in Three Parallel Rivers Region,Yunnan Province,China

The structure and function of network is a central issue in landscape ecology.Road networks with hierarchical structure are crucial for understanding landscape dynamics.In this study,we compared the distribution of national road,provincial road,county road and rural road in the Three Parallel Rivers Region(TPRR)in Yunnan Province of China,and estimated the effect of roads(and other factors)on the spatial patterns of land use and land cover with logistic regression.In addition,we analyzed the land use and land cover change(LUCC)and landscape fragmentation in 1989–2005 along a buffer zone of the primary traffic corridor,national road G214.The results showed that,county and rural roads had much higher percentage of length extending into more natural habitats at higher elevation and steeper slope,compared with the higher level roads in this region.While the distributions of natural land cover types were dominated by environmental factors,human land use types i.e.,building land and farmland types were significantly related with roads,linking more closely with lower level roads.The LUCC dynamics(1989–2005)of the G214 buffer zone showed a general trend of land transformation from conifer forests and valley arid shrubs to building land and farmland,and from ice and snow to alpine shrubs and forests.With the length of G214 unchanged during the time,the overall landscape pattern changed little in the buffer zone,but habitat fragmentation and area decrease had occurred for the natural vegetation types,in contrast to patch mergence and expansion of human land use types,and landscape fragmentation was intensified above 2500 m a.s.l.but declined below the elevation.The results indicated the dynamics of landscape composition and patch type level distribution in spite of the stability of the overall landscape pattern,and implied the potential role of roads,especially the low level roads on landscape changes.

Land Use Dynamics and Landscape Patterns in Shanghai,Jiangsu and Zhejiang

Land use change and landscape patterns have a large effect on land productivity and ecosystem biodiversity. Based on geographical information system technology and remote sensing data related to land use and land cover of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces and Shanghai （Jiang-Zhe-Hu area）, we analyzed patterns of landscape change and predicted land use dynamics using the CA-MARKOV model. We also analyzed the conversion rate and area among landscape classes using the CA-Markov model. We found that from 1980 to 2005, there was a significant decrease in the area of farmland, and much of this landscape was transformed into settlements. Most of the landscape classes have become fragmented and isolated. The areas of farmland, settlement land and water tend to be complex in their shape and spatial clustering. The shapes of other land class patches have become simpler, and overall landscape fragmentation has increased. Landscape diversity and heterogeneity have increased. The CAMARKOV model predicted that settlement land will continue to grow from 2005 to 2015, but the speed of conversion will be reduced. The speed of the reduction in farmland and forest has increased, and increased settlement areas are clustered along the Yangtze River. Land use dynamics and change in the landscape pattern have affected land productivity and made the ecosystem more sensitive and fragile in this study region.