电磁搅拌连续铸挤Al-5Ti-1B合金晶粒细化剂的质量评价

采用电磁搅拌连续铸挤技术生产Al-5Ti-1B合金晶粒细化剂,研究了Al-5Ti-1B合金的化学成分、显微组织和晶粒细化效果,并与美国KBA、荷兰KBM、英国LSM公司生产的Al-5Ti-1B合金进行了比较,对电磁搅拌连续铸挤Al-5Ti-1B合金的质量进行了评价.结果表明:电磁搅拌连续铸挤Al-5Ti-1B合金中Ti和B元素含量分别为5.08%和1.02%.Fe,Si及V杂质元素含量分别为0.11%,0.087%和0.011%;TiAl3相呈块状,平均尺寸为15.7μm,而TiB2粒子呈颗粒状均匀分布于α-Al基体,平均尺寸为0.74μm;添加0.2%的Al-5Ti-1B合金,可使纯铝晶粒平均尺寸从2800μm细化到68μm.比较结果表明:电磁搅拌连续铸挤Al-5Ti-1B合金的元素含量更稳定、杂质元素含量更低,TiAl3相和TiB2粒子更细小均匀,对铝晶粒的细化能力更强.

国外几种Al-Ti-B晶粒细化剂的质量评价

采用等离子体发射光谱仪、光学显微镜和扫描电镜,检测分析了英国LSM公司、荷兰KBM公司、西班牙Aleast-ur公司和韩国SLM公司生产的Al-Ti-B合金线的化学成分、显微组织和晶粒细化能力,评价了Al-Ti-B合金线的质量。结果表明,荷兰KBM公司生产的Al-Ti-B合金线的综合质量较好;英国LSM公司生产的Al-Ti-B合金线的TiAl3相、TiB2粒子的尺寸较大,TiB2粒子团聚较严重;西班牙Aleastur公司生产的Al-Ti-B合金线的Ti含量较低;韩国SLM公司生产的Al-Ti-B合金线的Fe、Si杂质元素含量较高。研究结果可为铝加工企业选用Al-Ti-B晶粒细化剂提供参考。

Strength and plasticity improvement induced by strong grain refinement after Zr alloying in selective laser-melted AlSiMg1.4 alloy

In order to enhance the mechanical properties of the selective laser-melted(SLM) high-Mg content AlSiMg1.4 alloy,the Zr element was introduced.The influence of Zr alloying on the processability,microstructure,and mechanical properties of the alloy was systematically investigated through performing microstructure analysis and tensile testing.It was demonstrated that the SLM-fabricated AlSiMg1.4-Zr alloy exhibited high process stability with a relative density of over 99.5% at various process parameters.Besides,the strong grain refinement induced by the primary Al3Zr particle during the melt solidification process simultaneously enhanced both the strength and plasticity of the alloy.The values for the yield strength,ultimate tensile strength,and elongation of the SLM-fabricated AlSiMg1.4-Zr were(343±3) MPa,(485±4) MPa,and(10.2±0.2)%,respectively,demonstrating good strengthplasticity synergy in comparison to the AlSiMg1.4 and other Al-Si-based alloys fabricated by SLM.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ61 magnesium alloy prepared by repetitive upsetting-extrusion

The process of repetitive upsetting-extrusion （RUE） was used to achieve severe plastic deformation （SPD） for an as-cast AZ61 magnesium alloy in temperature range of 285-380 ℃. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the as-cast and RUE processed AZ61 alloys were investigated. The results indicated that homogeneous fine-grained structure with mean grain size of 3.5 μm was obtained as the accumulated true strain in the axial direction increased to 4.28 after three RUE passes at 285 ℃. The dominant reason of grain refinement was considered the dynamic recrystallization induced by strain localization. It was also found that the microstructural evolution was affected by temperature and accumulated deformation. The mechanical properties of RUE processed AZ61 alloys were significantly improved owing to grain refinement. Furthermore, the relationship between deformation parameters and mechanical properties of AZ61 alloy prepared by RUE processing was revealed by tensile tests carried out at room temperature.

Effects of Cu addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast magnesium alloy ZK60

The effects of Cu addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the as-cast magnesium alloy ZK60 were investigated with optical microscope, SEM, TEM, XRD, EPMA and tensile tester. The mechanism by which the mechanical properties are affected by Cu addition was discussed. The results show that Cu can effectively eliminate the intragranular solute segregations in the alloy, and the grain size of the alloy is decreased considerably with increasing the Cu amount. A ternary eutectic phase MgZnCu with a face-centered cubic structure is identified in the Cu-bearing alloys, which predominantly distributes at the grain boundary and acts as the nucleation sites of microcracks during the plastic deformation process. It is also found that the tensile properties of the alloy firstly increase by the trace addition of 0.5%-1%Cu and then decrease by a further addition up to 2.0%.

Effects of grain refining and modification on mechanical properties and microstructures of Al-7.5Si-4Cu cast alloy

Al-7.5Si-4Cu cast alloy melt modified by Al-5Ti-B, RE and Al-10Sr master alloys were poured in the chromite sand moulds, to investigate comparatively the effects of individual or combined additions of grain refiners and modifiers on the mechanical properties, microstructures, grain refining and modification, and intermetallic compounds of the alloy. The results show that the mechanical properties and the microstructures of Al-7.5Si-4Cu cast alloys are improved immensely by combining addition of 0.8%Al-5Ti-B, 0.1%RE and 0.1%Al-10Sr grain refiners and modifiers compared with the individual addition and cast conditions. For individual addition condition, addition of 0.8%Al-5Ti-B master alloy can obtain superior tensile strength, Brinell hardness and finer equiaxedα（Al） dendrites. The alloy with 0.1%RE master alloy shows the highest improvement in ductility because the rare earth can purify the molten metal and change the shape of intermetallic compounds. While the alloy with 0.1%Al-10Sr modifier shows only good improvement in yield strength, and the improvement of other performance is unsatisfactory. The Al-10Sr modifier has a significant metamorphism for the eutectic silicon, but will make the gas content in the aluminum alloy melt increase to form serious columnar grain structures. The effects of grain refining and modification on mean area and aspect ratio have the same conclusions obtained in the mechanical properties and the microstructures analyses.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of GTA weldments of titanium matrix composites prepared with or without current pulsing

The effects of current pulsing on the microstructure, hardness and tensile properties at different temperatures of gas tungsten arc （GTA） weldments of titanium matrix composites were studied. Full-penetration butt joints were made with or without current pulsing. Optical microscopy, hardness test and scanning electron microscopy were employed to evaluate the metallurgical characteristics of welded joints. Tensile properties of weldments at different temperatures were studied and correlated with the microstructure. The results exhibit that current pulsing leads to the refinement of the weld microstrucmre and TiB whisker and the redistribution of reinforcements resulting in higher hardness, tensile strength and ductility of weldments in the as-welded condition.

Effects of rare earth Ce addition on microstructure and mechanical properties of impure copper containing Pb

The effects of rare earth Ce on the microstructure and mechanical properties of impure copper containing Pb were investigated using OM,SEM,EPMA,TEM and tensile testing.TEM and EDS analysis reveal that spherical CePb3 particles form after Ce addition.CePb3 particles,with average size of^3.6μm,homogenously distribute in the Cu matrix.Due to small lattice misfit(~4.62%)with Cu matrix,CePb3 particles can act as effective nucleation sites beneficial to the grain refinement.Pb at grain boundaries seriously deteriorates the mechanical properties of Cu.The tensile strength and the elongation of Cu-0.1 Pb are decreased by 43.1%and 56.7%compared with those of pure copper,respectively.Ce can purify grain boundaries,cause the precipitation of CePb3 particles and refine grain sizes,which contribute to significant improvement of the mechanical properties of Cu.Compared with Cu-0.1Pb,the tensile strength(179 MPa)and the elongation(38.5%)of Cu-0.1Pb-0.3Ce are increased by 117.6%and 151.6%,respectively.

Structure,strength and superplasticity of ultrafine-grained 1570C aluminum alloy subjected to different thermomechanical processing routes based on severe plastic deformation

A comparative study of the structure and mechanical behavior of an Al-5 Mg-0.18 Mn-0.2 Sc-0.08 Zr-0.01 Fe-0.01 Si(wt.%)alloy ingot subjected to multidirectional isothermal forging(MIF)to a strain of 12 or equal-channel angular pressing(ECAP)to a strain of 10 at 325℃,and subsequent warm and cold rolling(WR and CR)at 325 and 20℃,was performed.The results showed that the MIF process of ultrafine-grained structure with a(sub)grain size dUFG=2μm resulted in enhanced room-temperature ductility and superplastic elongation up to 2800%.Further grain refinement under WR as well as development of a heavily-deformed microstructure with high dislocation density by subsequent CR resulted in a yield/ultimate tensile strength increase from 235/360 MPa after MIF to 315/460 and 400/515 MPa after WR and CR,respectively.Simultaneously,WR led to improved superplastic elongation up to 4000%,while after CR the elongation remained sufficiently high(up to 1500%).Compared with MIF,ECAP resulted in more profound grain refinement(dUFG=1μm),which promoted higher strength and superplastic properties.However,this effect smoothed down upon WR,ensuring equal properties of the processed sheets.CR of the ECAPed alloy,in contrast,led to higher strengthening and slightly better superplastic behavior than those after CR following MIF.

Effect of Nd addition on microstructure and tensile properties of laser additive manufactured TC11 titanium alloy

Single-layer and multilayer laser additive manufacturing(LAM)for TC11 alloy with different Nd additions was conducted and the effect of Nd addition on microstructure and properties was studied.With the addition of Nd,the aspect ratio of melting pools of single-layer specimens increases and the columnar-to-equiaxed transition occurs.The originalβgrain size andαplate width of TC11−1.0Nd are significantly reduced compared with those of pure TC11 specimens.It is proposed that the evenly distributed fine Nd_(2)O_(3) precipitates of about 1.51μm are formed preferentially during rapid solidification of melting pool,and they serve as heterogeneous nucleation particles to refine the microstructure in the subsequent solidification and solid-state phase transformation.Due to the multiple effects of Nd on the microstructure,the ultimate tensile strength of TC11−1.0Nd increases,while the yield strength,ductility and microhardness decrease compared with those of pure TC11.

Properties inhomogeneity of AM60 magnesium alloy processed by cyclic extrusion compression angular pressing followed by extrusion

A new severe plastic deformation(SPD)technique for improvement of the metallurgical properties of the magnesium alloys is presented.In this process,a cyclic extrusion compression angular pressing(CECAP)process is followed by an extrusion step in the outlet playing the role of additional back pressure.Therefore,more uniform and enhanced mechanical properties are expected in comparison with equal channel angular pressing(ECAP).In order to evaluate the effectiveness and capabilities of this new method,an AM60 magnesium alloy was processed.Finite element results exhibited a significant increase in strain values as well as uniform strain distribution for the new method.In addition,~110%increase in compressive stress was observed in new method compared to the conventional ECAP.Experimental results revealed a noticeable increase in the hardness and strength of the specimens processed by the new technique as a result of the formation of finer grains and more homogeneous microstructure with good distribution of refinedβ-phase along the boundaries.It may be concluded that the new process is very promising for future magnesium alloy products.