The paper is based on author＇s observations during long geological field investigations in the Nepal Himalayas and various other international researches pertaining to natural hazards, global warming and climate chan...The paper is based on author＇s observations during long geological field investigations in the Nepal Himalayas and various other international researches pertaining to natural hazards, global warming and climate change. High mountains all over the world including Nepal Himalaya are threatened by global warming. In addition, Nepal lies at heart of Himalayan orogenic belt and is prone to both geological and hydro-meteorological hazard. Tremendous geographic diversity from high mountains to fiat plains presents specific hazards like earthquakes, avalanche, glacial lake outburst flood, debris flow, floods, landslides, thunderstorm, fire, cold and hot waves, etc. These natural hazards combined with anthropogenic hazards aggravate and degrade the fragile eco-systems, put human lives at risk, and cause immense economic losses. In last 25 years, it has attributed to an average annual loss of about 850 lives, damage of infrastructures and properties equivalent to about 6% of the annual development expenditure. GHGs （Green House Gases） are the chief sources of global warming and climate change. In Nepal, these are marked by an average of 0.06℃ per year rise in temperature, fast snow melting, retreating glaciers, vertical shift in snowline, decrease in amount of snowfall, appearance of new glacial lakes and increase in their size and volume. There is a need of strong commitment of international community to work together to reduce GHGs, CFC （Chlorofluorocarbon）, and international and regional cooperation to face the present challenges of global warming and climate change. Government of Nepal already prepared the National Strategy for Disaster Risk Management for building a resilient nation emphasizing on assessment, identification, and monitoring of disaster risk and enhancing early warning system.展开更多
Waste plastics are one of the biggest environmental concerns the world faces today. Waste plastics exposure to the environment is very hazardous. Over time waste plastics photo-degrade and become very tiny dust partic...Waste plastics are one of the biggest environmental concerns the world faces today. Waste plastics exposure to the environment is very hazardous. Over time waste plastics photo-degrade and become very tiny dust particles. These dust particles contain very harmful compounds including benzene, sulfur, carbon and many others. According to studies, waste plastic pollutions are one of the biggest reasons for the depletion of the ozone layer and contributor of global warming. Many scientists have been trying to figure out how to utilize these waste plastics and convert them into useful energy sources. It is possible to convert waste plastics into energy because they are made from petroleum. Scientists have succeeded in developing many methods including pyrolysis, catalytic cracking, thermal degrading and others. The purpose of this experiment is to convert these environmentally harmful waste materials into useful energy source using simple and viable methods. A particular thermal degradation process was successful in extracting fuel from waste plastics at 370-420 ~C. In this paper we will discuss our performed experiment and provide detailed analysis of the produced fuel. Thorough instrumental analysis of the produced fuel showed very considerable results including high energy contents, low levels of harmful emissions and compatibility with various types of existing appliances.展开更多
Objective： To observe the therapeutic effect of warm needling therapy plus rehabilitation in treating brachial plexus injury after surgery. Methods： Thirty patients suffered from brachial plexus injury after surger...Objective： To observe the therapeutic effect of warm needling therapy plus rehabilitation in treating brachial plexus injury after surgery. Methods： Thirty patients suffered from brachial plexus injury after surgery were divided into two groups randomly, 16 in each group. The treatment group was intervened by warm needling therapy together with physical rehabilitation therapy. The control group was intervened by physical rehabilitation therapy only. The warm needling was given once every other day, 3 times a week, 2 weeks as a treatment course, and 2 consecutive courses in total. The physical rehabilitation therapy was given once every day, 5 times a week, 2 weeks as a treatment course, and 2 consecutive courses in total. The Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand （DASH） Questionnaire were respectively used to assess pain and Ability of Daily Living （ADL）. The therapeutic effects were compared and analyzed. Results： In the treatment group, 14 patients finished 2-course treatment but 2 dropped out; in the control group, 15 finished but 1 dropped out. After treatment, there were significant differences between the two groups in comparing Sensory Pain Rating Index （S-PRI）, Affective Pain Rating Index （A-PRI）, Total Pain Rating Index （T-PRI）, Visual Analogue Scale （VAS）, Present Pain Index （PPI）, and DASH scores （P〈O.01）. The scores of all items in the treatment group had marked changes after 2 treatment courses in comparing the scores before treatment （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： The therapeutic effect of warm needling therapy combined with rehabilitation therapy is more effective than that of physical rehabilitation therapy only.展开更多
文摘The paper is based on author＇s observations during long geological field investigations in the Nepal Himalayas and various other international researches pertaining to natural hazards, global warming and climate change. High mountains all over the world including Nepal Himalaya are threatened by global warming. In addition, Nepal lies at heart of Himalayan orogenic belt and is prone to both geological and hydro-meteorological hazard. Tremendous geographic diversity from high mountains to fiat plains presents specific hazards like earthquakes, avalanche, glacial lake outburst flood, debris flow, floods, landslides, thunderstorm, fire, cold and hot waves, etc. These natural hazards combined with anthropogenic hazards aggravate and degrade the fragile eco-systems, put human lives at risk, and cause immense economic losses. In last 25 years, it has attributed to an average annual loss of about 850 lives, damage of infrastructures and properties equivalent to about 6% of the annual development expenditure. GHGs （Green House Gases） are the chief sources of global warming and climate change. In Nepal, these are marked by an average of 0.06℃ per year rise in temperature, fast snow melting, retreating glaciers, vertical shift in snowline, decrease in amount of snowfall, appearance of new glacial lakes and increase in their size and volume. There is a need of strong commitment of international community to work together to reduce GHGs, CFC （Chlorofluorocarbon）, and international and regional cooperation to face the present challenges of global warming and climate change. Government of Nepal already prepared the National Strategy for Disaster Risk Management for building a resilient nation emphasizing on assessment, identification, and monitoring of disaster risk and enhancing early warning system.
文摘Waste plastics are one of the biggest environmental concerns the world faces today. Waste plastics exposure to the environment is very hazardous. Over time waste plastics photo-degrade and become very tiny dust particles. These dust particles contain very harmful compounds including benzene, sulfur, carbon and many others. According to studies, waste plastic pollutions are one of the biggest reasons for the depletion of the ozone layer and contributor of global warming. Many scientists have been trying to figure out how to utilize these waste plastics and convert them into useful energy sources. It is possible to convert waste plastics into energy because they are made from petroleum. Scientists have succeeded in developing many methods including pyrolysis, catalytic cracking, thermal degrading and others. The purpose of this experiment is to convert these environmentally harmful waste materials into useful energy source using simple and viable methods. A particular thermal degradation process was successful in extracting fuel from waste plastics at 370-420 ~C. In this paper we will discuss our performed experiment and provide detailed analysis of the produced fuel. Thorough instrumental analysis of the produced fuel showed very considerable results including high energy contents, low levels of harmful emissions and compatibility with various types of existing appliances.
基金supported by Shanghai Huashan Hospital, Fudan University
文摘Objective： To observe the therapeutic effect of warm needling therapy plus rehabilitation in treating brachial plexus injury after surgery. Methods： Thirty patients suffered from brachial plexus injury after surgery were divided into two groups randomly, 16 in each group. The treatment group was intervened by warm needling therapy together with physical rehabilitation therapy. The control group was intervened by physical rehabilitation therapy only. The warm needling was given once every other day, 3 times a week, 2 weeks as a treatment course, and 2 consecutive courses in total. The physical rehabilitation therapy was given once every day, 5 times a week, 2 weeks as a treatment course, and 2 consecutive courses in total. The Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand （DASH） Questionnaire were respectively used to assess pain and Ability of Daily Living （ADL）. The therapeutic effects were compared and analyzed. Results： In the treatment group, 14 patients finished 2-course treatment but 2 dropped out; in the control group, 15 finished but 1 dropped out. After treatment, there were significant differences between the two groups in comparing Sensory Pain Rating Index （S-PRI）, Affective Pain Rating Index （A-PRI）, Total Pain Rating Index （T-PRI）, Visual Analogue Scale （VAS）, Present Pain Index （PPI）, and DASH scores （P〈O.01）. The scores of all items in the treatment group had marked changes after 2 treatment courses in comparing the scores before treatment （P〈0.01）. Conclusion： The therapeutic effect of warm needling therapy combined with rehabilitation therapy is more effective than that of physical rehabilitation therapy only.
