为了探讨北京首都国际机场冻雨过程产生的可能机制,利用NCEP再分析资料、风云2号E星(FY-2E)的云顶亮温(Black Body Temperature,TBB)逐小时资料及风云3号A星(FY-3A)反演的云顶高度日平均资料做为检验依据,使用美国非静力中尺度模式(Weat...为了探讨北京首都国际机场冻雨过程产生的可能机制,利用NCEP再分析资料、风云2号E星(FY-2E)的云顶亮温(Black Body Temperature,TBB)逐小时资料及风云3号A星(FY-3A)反演的云顶高度日平均资料做为检验依据,使用美国非静力中尺度模式(Weather Research and Forecasting,WRF)对2013年1月31日发生在首都机场附近地区的一次冻雨过程进行模拟,得出以下结论:1)模拟结果中的云顶温度与FY-2E的TBB逐小时资料对应较好:此次冻雨过程,整个降水云系云顶温度在0^-6°C之间,模拟结果水成物的垂直分布也得到了较好的印证;通过FY-3A反演的云顶高度日平均资料的检验,证明此次冻雨过程的云高基本维持在3 km左右,而且云微物理固态项的含量少。2)云顶温度、云顶高度实况与模式模拟表明此次过程是一次典型的暖雨机制冻雨,这说明产生北方冻雨的可能机制并不单一,冰相机制与暖雨机制可以同时存在。展开更多
The initiation and intensity of warm rain are processes dominated by the evolution of cloud droplet spectra.To treat the cloud condensation process properly is a fundamental step for the simulation of warm rain format...The initiation and intensity of warm rain are processes dominated by the evolution of cloud droplet spectra.To treat the cloud condensation process properly is a fundamental step for the simulation of warm rain formation.Double-moment bulk schemes with a limited number of prognostic variables cannot simulate the evolution of droplet spectra properly.A triple-moment bulk scheme,however,should overcome the problem of spurious cloud droplet spectrum broadening induced by double-moment schemes.To compare the effects of a newly developed triplemoment scheme with double-moment schemes on warm rain formation,the authors conducted WRF-LES numerical simulations to investigate the impacts of the two types of condensation scheme on rain initiation and intensity.In the early stage of raindrop formation,the simulation with the triple-moment scheme delays the raindrop initiation and produces droplet spectra with smaller average radii than those with the double-moment scheme.In the developing stage,the triple-moment scheme reduces the raindrop water content at the precipitation center.However,the further triple-moment scheme for raindrop is needed to simulate the development of warm rain accurately.展开更多
In this paper, an unusual rainfall in Beijing that occurred on 4 September(‘9.4') 2015 is studied to clarify the reasons for such a strong rainfall in autumn. It was indicated that various factors, including stat...In this paper, an unusual rainfall in Beijing that occurred on 4 September(‘9.4') 2015 is studied to clarify the reasons for such a strong rainfall in autumn. It was indicated that various factors, including stationary westerlies disturbance(i.e. low in the west and high in the east), forward-titling trough,warm shear line, unstable stratification and convective available potential energy release, low level jet as well as a series of mesoscale convective systems produced the strong rainfall. Ordinarily, this situation is uncommon in autumn.展开更多
文摘为了探讨北京首都国际机场冻雨过程产生的可能机制,利用NCEP再分析资料、风云2号E星(FY-2E)的云顶亮温(Black Body Temperature,TBB)逐小时资料及风云3号A星(FY-3A)反演的云顶高度日平均资料做为检验依据,使用美国非静力中尺度模式(Weather Research and Forecasting,WRF)对2013年1月31日发生在首都机场附近地区的一次冻雨过程进行模拟,得出以下结论:1)模拟结果中的云顶温度与FY-2E的TBB逐小时资料对应较好:此次冻雨过程,整个降水云系云顶温度在0^-6°C之间,模拟结果水成物的垂直分布也得到了较好的印证;通过FY-3A反演的云顶高度日平均资料的检验,证明此次冻雨过程的云高基本维持在3 km左右,而且云微物理固态项的含量少。2)云顶温度、云顶高度实况与模式模拟表明此次过程是一次典型的暖雨机制冻雨,这说明产生北方冻雨的可能机制并不单一,冰相机制与暖雨机制可以同时存在。
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)[Grant 2014CB441403]the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants41275147]+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China [2016YFC0209000]Ningxia scientific supporting program [Grants 2015KJHM31]
文摘The initiation and intensity of warm rain are processes dominated by the evolution of cloud droplet spectra.To treat the cloud condensation process properly is a fundamental step for the simulation of warm rain formation.Double-moment bulk schemes with a limited number of prognostic variables cannot simulate the evolution of droplet spectra properly.A triple-moment bulk scheme,however,should overcome the problem of spurious cloud droplet spectrum broadening induced by double-moment schemes.To compare the effects of a newly developed triplemoment scheme with double-moment schemes on warm rain formation,the authors conducted WRF-LES numerical simulations to investigate the impacts of the two types of condensation scheme on rain initiation and intensity.In the early stage of raindrop formation,the simulation with the triple-moment scheme delays the raindrop initiation and produces droplet spectra with smaller average radii than those with the double-moment scheme.In the developing stage,the triple-moment scheme reduces the raindrop water content at the precipitation center.However,the further triple-moment scheme for raindrop is needed to simulate the development of warm rain accurately.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of China[grant number 2012CB417201]the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 41375053]
文摘In this paper, an unusual rainfall in Beijing that occurred on 4 September(‘9.4') 2015 is studied to clarify the reasons for such a strong rainfall in autumn. It was indicated that various factors, including stationary westerlies disturbance(i.e. low in the west and high in the east), forward-titling trough,warm shear line, unstable stratification and convective available potential energy release, low level jet as well as a series of mesoscale convective systems produced the strong rainfall. Ordinarily, this situation is uncommon in autumn.
