如今,网络算法陷阱、隐形续费以及平台诱导等利用消费者认知偏差的技术手段层出不穷,这些做法可以概括为Harry Brignull提出的概念——暗模式。暗模式一经提出,备受学界的关注和重视,成为诸多学者的研究热点。在新的数字鸿沟下,数字弱...如今,网络算法陷阱、隐形续费以及平台诱导等利用消费者认知偏差的技术手段层出不穷,这些做法可以概括为Harry Brignull提出的概念——暗模式。暗模式一经提出,备受学界的关注和重视,成为诸多学者的研究热点。在新的数字鸿沟下,数字弱势群体不仅需要去学习如何使用新兴技术,还要预防更加复杂的网络陷阱,促进数字包容,实现数字公平刻不容缓。由于我国的数字立法仍然处于初步阶段,存在法律系统高度碎片化、执法能力不足的问题。因此需要深入研究并系统把握我国数字鸿沟的发展现状,从技术、立法以及执法上提出相应的完善措施以规制暗模式为代表的一系列网络陷阱,缓解横向的三道数字鸿沟,规制纵向的数字利维坦,缩小数字水平的差距,从而抑制数字阶级的产生。除此之外,应当在立足国情的基础上,借鉴与参考美国和欧盟关于数字法规的法律框架,将域外法律与经济方面的前瞻性研究与我国的实际情况相结合,制定适当的规范标准,弥补监管经验的缺失,填补国内相关法律的空白,为规制网络陷阱、平台诱导及暗模式的立法奠定夯实的基础。Nowadays, network algorithm traps, hidden renewals, and platform-induced techniques that exploit consumer cognitive biases emerge in an endless stream. These practices can be summarized as Dark Pattern proposed by Harry Brignull. Once proposed, the dark pattern has attracted great attention from the academic community and has become a research hotspot for many scholars. Under the new digital divide, digital vulnerable groups not only need to learn how to use emerging technologies, but also to prevent more complex network traps. It is imperative to promote digital inclusion and realize digital equity. China’s digital legislation is still in the initial stage. There are problems of high fragmentation of the legal system and insufficient capacity of law enforcement. Therefore, it is necessary to deeply study and systematically grasp the development status of China’s digital divide, and put forward corresponding improvement measures from the aspects of technology, legislation and law enforcement to regulate a series of network traps represented by dark pattern. In this way, three horizontal digital divides can be alleviated, vertical digital Leviathan can be regulated, the gap of digital ability can be narrowed and the generation of digital class can be suppressed. Besides, on the basis of national conditions, we should refer to the legal framework of the United States and the European Union on digital regulations, combine the forward- looking extraterritorial research of law and economy with the actual situation of China, formulate appropriate normative standards, make up for the lack of regulatory experience, fill in the gaps of relevant domestic laws, and lay a solid foundation for the legislation of regulating network traps, platform inducement and dark pattern.展开更多
The quasi-permanent anticyclonic gyre （ACG） east of Mindanao is a dominant feature of the subthermocline circulation in the southem Philippine Sea, and it is believed closely associated with the continuous northward...The quasi-permanent anticyclonic gyre （ACG） east of Mindanao is a dominant feature of the subthermocline circulation in the southem Philippine Sea, and it is believed closely associated with the continuous northward alongshore flow of the Mindanao Undercurrent （MUC）. In this study, the structure and variability of this ACG were investigated using the 1950-2012 output of the Oceanic General Circulation Model for the Earth Simulator （OFES）, which can reproduce well the structure of the climatological intermediate-layer circulation and satellite-observed sea level variations in the southern Philippine Sea. Between 26.8-27.3 ao, the ACG covers a large area from the Mindanao coast to 131 ~E and from 3~N to 10~N. Its anticyclonic flow structure is unrelated to the surface Halmahera Eddy. The eddy-resolving simulation of the OFES revealed that the ACG consists of two components. The southern ACG （SACG） is centered at -6~N, while the northern ACG （NACG） is centered at -10~N. Seasonal and interannual variations of the ACG are linked to the variations of the northward MUC transport along the Mindanao coast, and the role of the SACG is more important than the NACG. Stronger （weaker） ACGs lead to greater （smaller） MUC transport. On the interannual timescale, the SACG shows a spectrum peak at 4-8 years, while the NACG has enhanced power within the 3-5-year band. A lead-lag correlation analysis indicates that interannual variations of the ACGs and the MUC transport are partly associated with the E1 Nifio-Southern Oscillation. Possible causes for the ACG variability are discussed.展开更多
Many dark energy models fail to pass the cosmic age test because of the old quasar APM 08279+5255 at redshift z=3.91,the ΛCDMmodel and holographic dark energy models being no exception.Inthis paper,we focus onthe top...Many dark energy models fail to pass the cosmic age test because of the old quasar APM 08279+5255 at redshift z=3.91,the ΛCDMmodel and holographic dark energy models being no exception.Inthis paper,we focus onthe topic of the age problem inthe new agegraphic dark energy(NADE)model.We determine the age of the universe in the NADE model by fitting the observational data,including type Ia supernovae(SNIa),baryon acoustic oscillations(BAO)and the cosmic microwave background(CMB).We find that the NADE model also faces the challenge of the age problem caused by the old quasar APM 08279+5255.In order to overcome such a difficulty,we consider the possible interaction between dark energy and dark matter.We show that this quasar can be successfully accommodated in the interacting new agegraphic dark energy(INADE)model at the 2σlevel under the current observational constraints.展开更多
文摘如今,网络算法陷阱、隐形续费以及平台诱导等利用消费者认知偏差的技术手段层出不穷,这些做法可以概括为Harry Brignull提出的概念——暗模式。暗模式一经提出,备受学界的关注和重视,成为诸多学者的研究热点。在新的数字鸿沟下,数字弱势群体不仅需要去学习如何使用新兴技术,还要预防更加复杂的网络陷阱,促进数字包容,实现数字公平刻不容缓。由于我国的数字立法仍然处于初步阶段,存在法律系统高度碎片化、执法能力不足的问题。因此需要深入研究并系统把握我国数字鸿沟的发展现状,从技术、立法以及执法上提出相应的完善措施以规制暗模式为代表的一系列网络陷阱,缓解横向的三道数字鸿沟,规制纵向的数字利维坦,缩小数字水平的差距,从而抑制数字阶级的产生。除此之外,应当在立足国情的基础上,借鉴与参考美国和欧盟关于数字法规的法律框架,将域外法律与经济方面的前瞻性研究与我国的实际情况相结合,制定适当的规范标准,弥补监管经验的缺失,填补国内相关法律的空白,为规制网络陷阱、平台诱导及暗模式的立法奠定夯实的基础。Nowadays, network algorithm traps, hidden renewals, and platform-induced techniques that exploit consumer cognitive biases emerge in an endless stream. These practices can be summarized as Dark Pattern proposed by Harry Brignull. Once proposed, the dark pattern has attracted great attention from the academic community and has become a research hotspot for many scholars. Under the new digital divide, digital vulnerable groups not only need to learn how to use emerging technologies, but also to prevent more complex network traps. It is imperative to promote digital inclusion and realize digital equity. China’s digital legislation is still in the initial stage. There are problems of high fragmentation of the legal system and insufficient capacity of law enforcement. Therefore, it is necessary to deeply study and systematically grasp the development status of China’s digital divide, and put forward corresponding improvement measures from the aspects of technology, legislation and law enforcement to regulate a series of network traps represented by dark pattern. In this way, three horizontal digital divides can be alleviated, vertical digital Leviathan can be regulated, the gap of digital ability can be narrowed and the generation of digital class can be suppressed. Besides, on the basis of national conditions, we should refer to the legal framework of the United States and the European Union on digital regulations, combine the forward- looking extraterritorial research of law and economy with the actual situation of China, formulate appropriate normative standards, make up for the lack of regulatory experience, fill in the gaps of relevant domestic laws, and lay a solid foundation for the legislation of regulating network traps, platform inducement and dark pattern.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(61501302,61465004,61765004,61764001,61464003)Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province(2018JJA170010)~~
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2012CB417401)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA11010204)+4 种基金the Pioneer Hundred Talent Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.Y62114101Q)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Nos.40890152,41330963)the NSFC-Shandong Joint Fund for Marine Science Research Centers(No.U1406401)the Global Change and Air-Sea Interaction(No.GASI-03-01-01-05)the NSFC Innovative Group Grant(No.41421005)
文摘The quasi-permanent anticyclonic gyre （ACG） east of Mindanao is a dominant feature of the subthermocline circulation in the southem Philippine Sea, and it is believed closely associated with the continuous northward alongshore flow of the Mindanao Undercurrent （MUC）. In this study, the structure and variability of this ACG were investigated using the 1950-2012 output of the Oceanic General Circulation Model for the Earth Simulator （OFES）, which can reproduce well the structure of the climatological intermediate-layer circulation and satellite-observed sea level variations in the southern Philippine Sea. Between 26.8-27.3 ao, the ACG covers a large area from the Mindanao coast to 131 ~E and from 3~N to 10~N. Its anticyclonic flow structure is unrelated to the surface Halmahera Eddy. The eddy-resolving simulation of the OFES revealed that the ACG consists of two components. The southern ACG （SACG） is centered at -6~N, while the northern ACG （NACG） is centered at -10~N. Seasonal and interannual variations of the ACG are linked to the variations of the northward MUC transport along the Mindanao coast, and the role of the SACG is more important than the NACG. Stronger （weaker） ACGs lead to greater （smaller） MUC transport. On the interannual timescale, the SACG shows a spectrum peak at 4-8 years, while the NACG has enhanced power within the 3-5-year band. A lead-lag correlation analysis indicates that interannual variations of the ACGs and the MUC transport are partly associated with the E1 Nifio-Southern Oscillation. Possible causes for the ACG variability are discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.10705041 and 10975032)the National Ministry of Education of China under the innovation program for undergraduate students
文摘Many dark energy models fail to pass the cosmic age test because of the old quasar APM 08279+5255 at redshift z=3.91,the ΛCDMmodel and holographic dark energy models being no exception.Inthis paper,we focus onthe topic of the age problem inthe new agegraphic dark energy(NADE)model.We determine the age of the universe in the NADE model by fitting the observational data,including type Ia supernovae(SNIa),baryon acoustic oscillations(BAO)and the cosmic microwave background(CMB).We find that the NADE model also faces the challenge of the age problem caused by the old quasar APM 08279+5255.In order to overcome such a difficulty,we consider the possible interaction between dark energy and dark matter.We show that this quasar can be successfully accommodated in the interacting new agegraphic dark energy(INADE)model at the 2σlevel under the current observational constraints.
