房屋建筑(轻钢结构、砖木结构、生土木结构等)遭受暴风雪灾害案例分析研究

描述了部分地区遭受暴风雪灾害的情况,重点阐述了三种不同结构形式的房屋建筑遭受暴风雪灾害破坏的原因及其采取的措施,强调应加强风险管理的意识,以尽量避免或减少暴风雪造成的损失。

扶风县7·14特大暴雨灾害致灾因素分析

依据有关资料和灾后调查,对扶风县2004年7.14特大暴风雨灾害的成灾背景、灾害过程和灾情进行了分析。认为扶风县的地形、地表结构有利于局地强对流天气的形成和发生;前期持续性干旱为7.14暴风雨灾害蓄积了能量;7月13日,14日西南暖湿气流、高空冷涡临境和冷锋过境是7.14灾害生成的直接原因;塬区边坡动力增强和县城区位是县城成为暴风雨中心区的重要原因;域区空间狭小、社会经济高度密集、排水不畅、重抗旱、轻防涝的防灾思想均是重要的致灾因素。要警惕小区域成大灾,加强小区域灾害的研究和防抗救援工作。

改进应急救护系统用于海岛暴风雨灾害临床急救的研究

目的 探讨改进应急救护系统用于暴风雨灾害临床急救的效果.方法 以海口市暴风雨应急救护的患者400例作为研究对象,分为对照组和实验组,每组200例,对发生暴风雨灾害时的患者一般情况、医院的临床急救反应时间、患者的生存状况以及患者对应急救护系统的满意度等系列指标进行回顾性比较分析.结果 应急救护系统前后,临床对于暴风雨灾害临床急救效果存在明显的差别.对照组临床急救反应时间17～75 min,平均（37.3 ±13.1）min;实验组6～ 49 min,平均（19.8 ±6.9） min,2组差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.实验组病死率1.5％,明显低于对照组5.0％（P＜0.05）.实验组患者对于临床应急救护的满意率95.5％,明显高于对照组患者满意率83.5％（P＜0.05）.结论 改进应急救护系统使台风灾害时的临床应急准备、灾前预防、灾后救援、灾情检测效果有明显提高.这一改进可以对受暴风雨灾害的患者提供及时、准确、有效的救护,有利于患者的救治和恢复.

A Storm Surge Intensity Classification Based on Extreme Water Level and Concomitant Wave Height

Storm surge is one of the predominant natural threats to coastal communities. Qingdao is located on the southern coast of the Shandong Peninsula in China. The storm surge disaster in Qingdao depends on various influencing factors such as the intensity, duration, and route of the passing typhoon, and thus a comprehensive understanding of natural coastal hazards is essential. In order to make up the defects of merely using the warning water level, this paper presents two statistical distribution models(Poisson Bi- variable Gumbel Logistic Distribution and Poisson Bi-variable Log-normal Distribution) to classify the intensity of storm surge. We emphasize the joint return period of typhoon-induced water levels and wave heights measured in the coastal area of Qingdao since 1949. The present study establishes a new criterion to classify the intensity grade of catastrophic storms using the typhoon surge estimated by the two models. A case study demonstrates that the new criterion is well defined in terms of probability concept, is easy to implement, and fits well the calculation of storm surge intensity. The procedures with the proposed statistical models would be useful for the disaster mitigation in other coastal areas influenced by typhoons.

System Development for Storm Surge Hazard Assessment Based on WebG IS for Tianjin Binhai New Area

It is imperative to develop a risk assessment system for quickly predicting storm surge disaster due to the vulnerability of Tianjin Binhai New Area. The flood routing model with user-defined breaches was firstly estab- lished based on the seed spread algorithm in order to achieve a rapid forecasting of storm surge flood information. Furthermore, fuzzy mathematics was utilized to identify the storm disaster grade, and the hazard mapping was con- ducted to visually obtain the hazard spatial and temporal distribution. Finally, the flood routing visuaUzation method was proposed based on numerical simulation of storm surge to achieve the reappearance scene of dynamic evolution process. The developed system can play a vital role in the management and decision-making of sea dyke mitigation engineering in Tianjin Binhai New Area.

Storm surge disaster evaluation model based on an artificial neural network

Back propagation is employed to forecast the current of a storm with various characteristics of storm surge; the technique is thus important in disaster forecasting. One of the most fuzzy types of information in the prediction of geological calamity is handled employing the information diffusion method. First, a single-step prediction model and neural network prediction model are employed to collect influential information used to predict the extreme tide level. Second, information is obtained using the information diffusion method, which improves the precision of risk recognition when there is insufficient information. Experiments demonstrate that the method proposed in this paper is simple and effective and provides better forecast results than other methods. Future work will focus on a more precise forecast model.

3D Simulation of Storm Surge Disaster Based on Scenario Analysis

The occurrence of storm surge disaster is often accompanied with floodplain, overflow, dike breach and other complex phenomena, while current studies on storm surge flooding are more concentrated on the 1D/2D numerical simulation of single disaster scenario(floodplain, overflow or dike breach), ignoring the composite effects of various phenomena. Therefore, considering the uncertainty in the disaster process of storm surge, scenario analysis was firstly proposed to identify the composite disaster scenario including multiple phenomena by analyzing key driving forces, building scenario matrix and deducing situation logic. Secondly, by combining the advantages of k-ω and k-ε models in the wall treatment, a shear stress transmission k-ω model coupled with VOF was proposed to simulate the 3D flood routing for storm surge disaster. Thirdly, risk degree was introduced to make the risk analysis of storm surge disaster. Finally, based on the scenario analysis, four scenarios with different storm surge intensity(100-year and 200-year frequency) were identified in Tianjin Binhai New Area. Then, 3D numerical simulation and risk map were made for the case.

Google Earth-based dynamic visualization system for storm surge flood routing

To describe the dynamic process of flood routing intuitively and realistically when storm surge disaster occurs,a method for ArcGIS data and Google Earth(GE) data integration is proposed,which realizes the importing and integrating of basic geographic information into GE. Based on SketchUp and AutoCAD software,threedimension(3D) visualization of seawall and other tidal defense structures is achieved. By employing Microsoft Foundation Class Library(MFC),the related system modules and storm surge flood routing dynamic visualization system are developed. Therefore,dynamic visualization of flood routing process and interactive query of submerged area and inundated depth are implemented. A practical application case study of Tianjin Binhai New Area provides decision-making support for coastal seawall planning and storm surge disaster prevention and reduction.

A study of cooperation processes in multi-agent systems of storm surge disaster

Collaborative governance mechanism is a public management process that emphasizes the establishment of trust relationship between various subjects within the government and between multiple subjects such as the government and non-government based on the needs of the interest community,so as to achieve the advantages of collaborative governance.It is an important measure to improve the national storm surge disaster management system and realize the modernization of disaster management capacity.It is also the trend of the government to improve public management.Based on the results of relevant national bulletins,the storm surge disaster is selected which is the most characteristic of Marine disasters in the scope of marine public management.We select Zhejiang Province as the research area,which is heavily affected by storm surge disaster.Based on the case subjects of previous major storm surge disasters in Zhejiang Province,we analyze the specific measures taken by relevant subjects to deal with storm surge disasters.This paper presents the current situation of the participants and the cooperation problems among the participants,finds out the causes of the problems,studies and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for the coordination management among the participants,provides certain ideas for further developing the disaster prevention and reduction and emergency management of storm surge disasters in coastal areas in order to improve the understanding of multiple subjects on the emergency management of storm surge disasters.

清代澎湖地区的自然灾害问题研究

清朝康熙二十二年施琅收复澎湖,继而收复台湾,清政府十分重视台湾与澎湖的治理;为此,雍正五年(1727年)专门设置澎湖厅,对此地频繁的自然灾害也采取了一系列救灾赈济措施。