为君主撰写教科书:埃兹拉·庞德对历史的曲用

学界在解读庞德《诗章》时往往称之为一部"现代的《神曲》",但是庞德1960年的访谈和达森布罗克最近的研究都否定了这一论断。纵观《中美诗章》及其他部分,庞德堆砌了大量史料讴歌君主制,并频频颂扬墨索里尼,构筑了一条从中美历史到法西斯意大利的通衢。这一格局与14世纪的《神曲》判然有别,却酷似16世纪的《君主论》。马基雅维利当年将此书献给佛罗伦萨统治者洛伦佐.梅第奇,旨在为巩固意大利专制统治出谋划策。庞德追随马基雅维利,在《诗章》里曲用历史为法西斯"继续革命"理论正名,给墨索里尼呈上一部20世纪的《君主论》。

Analysis on Differences in Photosynthetic Characteristics of Korla Fragrant Pear among Different Planting Densities

[Objective] The aim of this study was to explore the differences in photosynthetic characteristics of Korla fragrant pear among different planting densities,providing a basis for the improvement of fruit yield and quality of Korla fragrant pear in production. [Method] The net photosynthetic rates, photoresponse curves and CO2 response curves of Korla fragrant pear under six different planting densities were determined using Li-6400 XT portable photosynthesis system. [Result] There were significant differences in photosynthetic parameters of Korla fragrant pear among six different planting densities. The net photosynthetic rate of Korla fragrant pear was highest under the planting density of 4.0 m × 6.0 m. At the planting density of4.0 m×6.0 m, when the light intensity reached 1 800 μmol/（m^2·s）, the net photosynthetic rate of Korla fragrant pear reached the peak [19.326 μmol/（m^2·s）], and the apparent quantum yield, carboxylation efficiency and dark respiration rate all reached the maximum values; at the planting density of 6.0 m ×7.0 m, Korla fragrant pear showed lower light compensation point and CO2 compensation point, but higher light saturation point. At the planting density of 3.0 m ×5.0 m, Korla fragrant pear had higher light saturation point. [Conclusion] Among the six different planting densities,Korla fragrant pear with planting density of 4.0 m ×6.0 m showed the highest net photosynthetic rate. It suggested that Korla fragrant pear, at the planting density of4.0 m ×6.0 m, had stronger utilization capacity for low light and low-concentration CO2. Therefore, the Korla fragrant pear with the planting density of 4.0 m ×6.0 m has the highest photosynthesis efficiency, and the planting density of 4.0 m ×6.0 m is the most ideal planting density for Korla fragrant pear.

Comparison among Growth, Photosynthesis and Yield in Nanjing 9108 and Its Parents during the Late Development Stage

A good quality, high yield, slow mature and middle season Japonica rice variety, Nanjing 9108 and its parents Guandong 194 and Wuxiangjing 14,were taken as the materials for the study. The growth and photosynthetic characteristics of the rice plants at the post-flowering stage were compared and the rice yield components were examined at harvest. The results showed that as compared with Wuxiangjing 14, the per plant yield of Nanjing 9108 was 7.70% higher, and much higher than that of Guandong194. The large total grain per plant and heavy grain weigh of Nanjing 9108 were the important structure basis for its yield. Further analysis o the growth indicators showed that Nanjing 9108 had a large leaf area of upper three green leaves area and a smaller leaf base angle in the third leaf from the bottom blades, which helped get a higher photosynthetic capacity in groups. On the14 thday after flowering, Nanjing 9108 had similar value of net photosynthetic rate（Pn） to that of Wuxianjing 14, but lower than that of Guandong 194. Viewing from the parameters obtained from light response of photosynthesis on the modified model of rectangular hyperbola, Pn of Nanjing 9108 was more aptated to be saturated by light intensity and sensitive to photoinhibition. On the whole, Nanjing 9108 with high yield mainly resulted from its good plant type, grain structure and higher photosynthetic capacity in groups. Further improving its photosynthetic capacity o single leaf in Nanjing 9108 would be an important way for its super high yield po tential in the future.

Determination of Zolmitriptan in Human Plasma by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Mass Spectrometry and Study on Its Pharmacokinetics

Aim To establish a new and sensitive HPLC-MS method for the determination ofzolmitriptan in human plasma and study the pharmacokinetics of zolmitriptan in healthy volunteers.Methods A single oral dose of 5 mg of zolmitriptan tablet was given to 20 healthy male volunteers.After dosing, blood samples were collected for a period of 24 h, and zolmitriptan concentration inplasma was analyzed by HPLC-MS. Results The plasma concentration-time course fitted well atwo-compartment open model with a lag time, giving the following pharmacokinetic parameters: T_(max)1.60 ± 0.24 h, C_(max) 9.73 ± 1.43 ng·mL^(-1). T_(1/2α)1.72±0.46 h, T_(1/2β) 4.52 + 0.97 h,and AUC_(0-t) 55.59 ± 5.12 ng·mL^(-1)·h. Conclusion The improved analytical method forzolmitriptan is rapid, sensitive and suitable for application to pharmacokinetic studies and routinedetermination of numerous samples.

The algorithm of 3D multi-scale volumetric curvature and its application

To fully extract and mine the multi-scale features of reservoirs and geologic structures in time/depth and space dimensions, a new 3D multi-scale volumetric curvature （MSVC） methodology is presented in this paper. We also propose a fast algorithm for computing 3D volumetric curvature. In comparison to conventional volumetric curvature attributes, its main improvements and key algorithms introduce multi-frequency components expansion in time-frequency domain and the corresponding multi-scale adaptive differential operator in the wavenumber domain, into the volumetric curvature calculation. This methodology can simultaneously depict seismic multi-scale features in both time and space. Additionally, we use data fusion of volumetric curvatures at various scales to take full advantage of the geologic features and anomalies extracted by curvature measurements at different scales. The 3D MSVC can highlight geologic anomalies and reduce noise at the same time. Thus, it improves the interpretation efficiency of curvature attributes analysis. The 3D MSVC is applied to both land and marine 3D seismic data. The results demonstrate that it can indicate the spatial distribution of reservoirs, detect faults and fracture zones, and identify their multi-scale properties.

Algorithm design and application of novel GM-AGC based on mill stretch characteristic curve

As the spring equation is limited to the accuracy of mill stiffness and the linearity of the mill spring curve, the traditional gaugemeter automatic gauge control(GM-AGC) system based on spring equation cannot meet the requirements of practical production. In allusion to this problem, a kind of novel GM-AGC system based on mill stretch characteristic curve was proposed. The error existing in calculating strip thickness by spring equation were analyzed first. And then the mill stretch characteristic curve which could effectively eliminate the influence of mill stiffness was described. The novel GM-AGC system has been applied successfully in a hot strip mill, the application results show that the thickness control precision is improved significantly, with the novel GM-AGC system, over 98.6% of the strip thickness deviation of 3.0 mm class can be controlled within the target tolerances of ±20 μm.

Application of Microcalorimetric Technique for the Screening and Examination of Medicines

According to the heating effect caused by interaction between matters,a series of experiments on the interaction between drugs and cells from human bodies,DNA and physiological saline have been carried out with a MS-80 standard Calvet microcalorimeter.The experiments include: (1) Thermokinetic studies of the effect of anticancer drugs [sodium norcantharidate (ASN),the bioac- tire materials (Sp.P and Sp.S) from algae etc.]on the cancer cells [Hela,human breast carcinoma (Bcap-37),human adenocarcinoma gastric cells (SGc-7901 and MCF-7) etc.] and the normal cells from human bodies [diploid fibroblasts from human fetal lung (2BS) etc.] at 310.15 K:(2) Studies of the in- tercalation binding of some alkaloidal drugs with the bioactivity to inhibit monoamine oxidase (harmalinc and harmine etc.) to call thymus DNA in neutral aqueous solution at 298.15 K:(3) Studies of the interaction between long acting drugs (long acting oral contraceptive-norgestrel etc.) and slow- releasing drug (Contac) and aqueous solution of 0.9% NaCI at 310.15 K.All the experimental results have given their characteristic thermograms and the interaction enthalpy changes.On the analysis of all the results,the authors put forward a method on application of microcalorimetric technique for screen- ing and examination of medicines.The principle of application and the experimental operation of this method have been expounded,and some results of the above experiments have been discussed.As one of the methods for screening and examining medicines,the microcalorimctric method has some distin- guished features and advantages over other methods.

CifNet Network Multi-Well Data Management System

The CifNet network multi-well data management system is developed for 100MB or 1000MB local network environments which are used in Chinese oil industry. The kernel techniques of CifNet system include: 1, establishing a high efficient and low cost network multi-well data management architecture based on the General Logging Curve Theory and the Cif data format; 2, implementing efficient visit and transmission of multi-well data in C/S local network based on TCP/IP protocol; 3,ensuring the safety of multi-well data in store, visit and application based on Unix operating system security. By using CifNet system, the researcher in office or at home can visit curves of any borehole in any working area of any oilfield. The application foreground of CifNet system is also commented.

High-Order Lateral Buckling Analysis of Submarine Pipeline Under Thermal Stress

It is of importance to study and predict the possible buckling of submarine pipeline under thermal stress in pipeline design.Since soil resistance is not strong enough to restrain the large deformation of pipeline,high-order buckling modes occur very easily.Analytical solutions to high-order buckling modes were obtained in this paper.The relationships between buckling temperature and the amplitude or the wavelength of buckling modes were established.Analytical solutions were obtained to predict the occurrence and consequence of in-service buckling of a heated pipeline in an oil field.The effects of temperature difference and properties of subsoil on buckling modes were investigated.The results show that buckling will occur once temperature difference exceeds safe temperature;high-order pipeline buckling occurs very easily;the larger the friction coefficients are,the safer the submarine pipeline will be.

Mutagenesis and Screening of High Yield Xylanase Production Strain of Aspergillus usamii by Microwave Irradiation

A high yield xylanase producing strain, A. usamii L336-23, was screened out from its parent strain A.usamii L336 after microwave irradiation. Its productivity of xylanase activity increased by 35.7% from 21000μu·ml-1 to 28500μu·ml-1 and was stable after frequent subcultures and storage for more than two months. The mechanism of microwave mutation was also discussed.

The application of breast DCE-MRI combined with time signal curve in diagnosing early breast cancer

Objective： The aim of this study was to investigate the application value of breast dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging combined with time signal curve in diagnosis of early breast cancer. Methods： Conducted dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and drew the time signal curves of breast lesions in 60 patients with breast disease （malignant 46, benign 14）. Results： Morphological features of malignant tumors mostly showed blurred or thin spiculate outlines, irregular shape or Iobular signs, signal heterogeneity or peripheral enhancement in dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Time signal curve showed type III or II. Morphologic features of benign tumors mostly showed clear edge, regular shape and homogeneous signal, or diffuse spot enhancement. Time signal curve showed type I or II. Conclusion： breast dynamic contrast enhanced scan in MRI can provide morphology and functional diagnosis information of the breast tissues. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI combined with time signal curve can further improve the accuracy of diagnosis of early breast cancer.

Sickle cell cholangiopathy:An endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography evaluation

AIM:To evaluate the role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) in patients with sickle cell disease(SCD) .METHODS:Two hundred and twenty four SCD patients with cholestatic jaundice(CJ) had ERCP.The indications for ERCP were based on clinical and biochemical evidence of CJ and ultrasound findings.RESULTS:Two hundred and forty ERCPs were performed.The indications for ERCP were:CJ only in 79,CJ and dilated bile ducts without stones in 103,and CJ and bile duct stones in 42.For those with CJ only,ERCP was normal in 42(53.2%) ,and 13(16.5%) had dilated bile ducts without an obstructive cause.In the remaining 22,there were bile duct stones with or without dilation.For those with CJ,dilated bile ducts and no stones,ERCP was normal in 17(16.5%) ,and 28(27.2%) had dilated bile ducts without an obstructive cause.In the remaining 58,there were bile ducts stones with or without dilation.For those with CJ and bile duct stones,ERCP was normal in two(4.8%) ,and 14(33.3%) had dilated bile ducts without an obstructive cause.In the remaining 26,there were bile duct stones with or without dilatation.CONCLUSION:Considering the high frequency of biliary sludge and bile duct stones in SCD,endoscopic sphincterotomy might prove helpful in these patients.

On a Fixed Value Theorem for Directed Areas in Conic Circumscribed Polygons and Applications

Using polar equations for conic sections, we research conic circumscribed n-sided polygons（n ≥ 4） deeply on the basis of papers[1-3]. We obtain a general fixed value theorem for directed areas of some triangles in conic circumscribed n-sided polygons and derive as many as n（n - 3） concurrent points of three lines and some other collinear, equiareal results in conic circumscribed n-sided polygons（n ≥ 4）. So the results of papers[1-3] are unified.

Degradation of lignite model compounds by the action of white rot fungi

Three compounds modeled on the lignite structure were chosen for experimental degradation by different fungi strains. Culture conditions and extracellular enzyme activities were optimized. The growth curves of the strains were determined to study mycelium dry weight and protein content changes. Gas chromatography and infrared spectroscopy were used to detect changes of functional groups before and after the action of the fungi on the model compounds. Possible decomposition products and degrada-tion mechanisms were proposed. The research findings show that C. Versicolor and Golden Mushroom can grow in presence of the model compounds. The optimum culture conditions were a pH of 6.0, a carbon-nitrogen ratio of five and a Tween-80 concentration of 0.1%. Newly produced substances were found by gas chromatography. Infrared analysis showed that the model compounds degraded under the action of the microorganisms.

Gradation equation of coarse-grained soil and its applicability

Gradation equation is one way to describe the gradation of coarse-grained soil conveniently,exactly and quantitatively.With the gradation equation,the influence of gradation on the mechanical behaviors of coarse-grained soil can be expressed quantitatively.A new gradation equation with a parameter is proposed.The basic properties and applicability of the new equation are studied.The results show that the proposed equation has the applicability to express coarse-grained soil gradation(CSG),and the range of the parameter β is found to be 0<β<1.The value ofbdetermines the gradation curve shape.If β>0.5,the gradation curve is sigmoidal,otherwise the gradation curve is hyperbolic.For well graded gradations,the parameter has the value of 0.13<β<1.Several CSGs used in domestic and foreign earth-rockfill dams are probed,and the value of the parameterbfalls in the range of 0.18 to 0.97.The investigation of the range of β is of value to guide the design for CSG of earth-rockfill dam.

Inhibition of norsolorinic acid accumulation to Aspergillus parasiticus by marine actinomycetes

Thirty-six strains of marine actinomycetes were isolated from a sample of marine sediment collected from the Yellow Sea and evaluated in terms of their inhibitory activity on the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus and the production of norsolorinic acid using dual culture plate assay and agar diffusion methods.Among them,three strains showed strong antifungal activity and were subsequently identified as Streptomyces sp.by 16 S rRNA gene sequencing analysis.The supernatant from the fermentation of the MA01 strain was extracted sequentially with chloroform and ethyl acetate,and the activities of the extracts were determined by tip culture assay.The assay results show that both extracts inhibited mycelium growth and toxin production,and the inhibitory activities of the extracts increased as their concentrations increased.The results of this study suggest that marine actinomycetes are biologically important for the control of mycotoxins,and that these bacteria could be used as novel biopesticides against mycotoxins.

Comparative study of caudal bupivacaine versus bupivacaine with tramadol for postoperative analgesia in paediatric cancer patients

Objective:Caudal epidural analgesia has become very common analgesic technique in paediatric surgery.Adding tramadol to bupivacaine for caudal injection prolongs duration of analgesia with minimal side effects.The aim of the study was to investigate the different effects of caudal bupivacaine versus bupivacaine with thamadol for postoperative analgesia in paediatric cancer patients.Methods:A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted over 40 paediatric cancer patients who were recruited from Children Cancer Hospital of Egypt(57357 Hospital).Patients were randomized into 2 groups:bupivacaine group(group B,20 patients) to receive single shot caudal block of 1 mL/kg 0.1875% bupivacaine;tramadol group(group T,20 patients) prepared as group B with the addition of 1 mg/kg caudal tramadol.Results:The mean duration of analgesia was significantly longer among group T than group B [(24 ± 13.7) hours versus(7 ± 3.7) hours respectively with P = 0.001].Group T showed a significantly lower mean FLACC score than group B(2.2 ± 0.9 versus 3.6 ± 0.6 with P = 0.002).The difference in FLACC score was comparable on arrival,and after 2 and 4 hours.At 8 and 12 hours the group B recorded significantly higher scores(P = 0.002 and 0.0001 respectively).There were no significant differences between the groups as regards sedation score [the median in both groups was 1(0-1) with P value = o.8].No one developed facial flush or pruritis.Conclusion:Caudal injection of low dose tramadol 1 mg/kg with bupivacaine 0.1875% is proved to be effective,long standing technique for postoperative analgesia in major paediatric cancer surgery and almost devoid of side effect.

Application of structural curvature of coalbed floor on CBM development in the Zaoyuan block of the southern Qinshui Basin

Based on controls of structural style and the position in coalbed methane (CBM) development, we used a method of curvatures to study its relations with CBM development parameters. We calculated structural curvatures of contours of the No.3 coal seam floor of the Shanxi Formation in the Zaoyuan block of the Qinshui Basin and analyzed its relations with development parameters of coalbed methane wells. The results show that structural curvature is negatively related to coal reservoir pressure, while positively related to permeability. With an increase in structural curvature, the average production of coalbed methane wells increases at first and then decreases, reaching the highest production at 0.02 m–1 of structural curvature. Therefore, structural cur-vature can be an important index for potential evaluation of coalbed methane development and provide a basis for siting coalbed methane wells.

Applications of Power Rail Track Program to Tracings of Brazilian Railways

In Brazil, the use of software and applications in railway geometric designs is rare. Currently, after the division and privatization of the national rail network, the concessionaires who assumed the administration, are investing in modernization, recovery and extension of this transport model to make it more efficient. The PIL （Program of Investment in Logistics） has generated growth of the sector in response to the amount of investments, greatly enhancing the load capacity and optimizing the geometric design, which would allow speed of 80 km/h. Based on this information, the objective of this research is to verify the software applications of Power Rail Track Program of Bentley Systems, Inc. for geometric designs in future deployments of railways in Brazil. This software is based on numerical calculations, including roller adjustment by the least squares method to calculate and choose the best alignments, and regression tools, to a fast and effectively optimization of various parameters of the geometry for a future or existing railway. Different variables that allow you to optimize the geometric design are analyzed, considering several optional alignments and complex restrictions present in geometric design, taking into account variables such as circular curves, transition, tangents and rays. The software regression tools include curvature diagrams identifying points and curves, tangent and spirals. The analysis results are presented quickly and points can be added or deleted from the regression analysis, providing improved tracing. The software also allows to detail the elements of the executive project of the railway line such as rails, joints, turning points, waypoints and others. The result of this study has shown that the application of the Power Rail Track Program generates significant cost savings in time and increases in productivity, providing greater opportunity to optimize the geometry and reducing geometric design costs.

Entanglement and Energy for Vibrationally Localized States in Molecule CS2

The dynamics of quantum entanglement described by the yon Neumann entropy is studied for the localized states of Fermi-resonance coupling vibrations in molecule CS2, where the interacting energy between the stretching and the bending modes is considered to establish a connection between entanglement and energy. It is shown that entanglement reveals dominant anti-correlation with the interacting energy for the stretch-localized state, while that exhibits dominantly positive correlation for the bend-localized state. The entanglement and the energy for the dislocalized states are discussed as well. Those are useful for molecular quantum computing and quantum information in high dimensional states.