Objective To verify the influence of flexion position of the knee on limb alignment,the change of the standing femorotibial angle(FTA)with knee flexion was radiologically investigated. Methods Radiographs were taken o...Objective To verify the influence of flexion position of the knee on limb alignment,the change of the standing femorotibial angle(FTA)with knee flexion was radiologically investigated. Methods Radiographs were taken on each left knee of 47 volunteers with seldom complaints in a one-leg standing position,The standing femorotibial angles(FTA)in full knee extension were compared with the corresponding ones in different angles of knee flexion,and the relationship between the FTA and the flexion angle was investigated. Results Standing FTAs in knee flexion were always smaller than the corresponding ones in full knee extension.With the increment of the flexion angle,the FTA decreased.Positive correlation was found between the difference(△FTA)of the standing FTA in full extension and in flexion and the flexion angle of the knee. Conclusion In the preoperative planning of knee surgeries such as high tibial osteotomy and arthroplasty,the influence of flexion contracture on limb alignment should be taken into consideration to avoid overcorrection or undercorrection.展开更多
This paper is concerned with the fossil fuel composition of carbon emissions in 10 selected Asian countries. It assesses how economic development may affect this composition through various channels. This paper contri...This paper is concerned with the fossil fuel composition of carbon emissions in 10 selected Asian countries. It assesses how economic development may affect this composition through various channels. This paper contributes to the debate on the EKC （environmental Kuznets curve） puzzle, which hypothesizes an inverted U-shaped relationship between per capita income and pollution. The paper examines the EKC hypothesis in an empirical analysis of channels that may allow for this effect. In particular, a specific subset of this general paradigm is investigated using a fractional multinomial logit model to assess how indicators associated with economic development and energy prices affect carbon emissions from coal relative to those of natural gas and oil.展开更多
文摘Objective To verify the influence of flexion position of the knee on limb alignment,the change of the standing femorotibial angle(FTA)with knee flexion was radiologically investigated. Methods Radiographs were taken on each left knee of 47 volunteers with seldom complaints in a one-leg standing position,The standing femorotibial angles(FTA)in full knee extension were compared with the corresponding ones in different angles of knee flexion,and the relationship between the FTA and the flexion angle was investigated. Results Standing FTAs in knee flexion were always smaller than the corresponding ones in full knee extension.With the increment of the flexion angle,the FTA decreased.Positive correlation was found between the difference(△FTA)of the standing FTA in full extension and in flexion and the flexion angle of the knee. Conclusion In the preoperative planning of knee surgeries such as high tibial osteotomy and arthroplasty,the influence of flexion contracture on limb alignment should be taken into consideration to avoid overcorrection or undercorrection.
文摘This paper is concerned with the fossil fuel composition of carbon emissions in 10 selected Asian countries. It assesses how economic development may affect this composition through various channels. This paper contributes to the debate on the EKC （environmental Kuznets curve） puzzle, which hypothesizes an inverted U-shaped relationship between per capita income and pollution. The paper examines the EKC hypothesis in an empirical analysis of channels that may allow for this effect. In particular, a specific subset of this general paradigm is investigated using a fractional multinomial logit model to assess how indicators associated with economic development and energy prices affect carbon emissions from coal relative to those of natural gas and oil.
