Since the first description of the concept of natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES), a substantial number of clinical NOTES reports have appeared in the literature. This editorial reviews the availab...Since the first description of the concept of natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES), a substantial number of clinical NOTES reports have appeared in the literature. This editorial reviews the available human data addressing research questions originally proposed by the white paper, including determining the optimal method of access for NOTES, developing safe methods of lumenal closure, suturing and anastomotic devices, advanced multitasking platforms, addressing the risk of infection, managing complications, addressing challenges with visualization, and training for NOTES procedures. An analysis of the literature reveals that so far transvaginal access and closure appear to be the most feasible techniques for NOTES, with a limited, but growing transgastric, transrectal, and transesophageal NOTES experience in humans. The theoretically increased risk of infection as a result of NOTES procedures has not been substantiated in transvaginal and transgastric procedures so far. Development of suturing and anastomotic devices and advanced platforms for NOTES has progressed slowly, with limited clinical data on their use so far. Data onthe optimal management and incidence of intraoperative complications remain sparse, although possible factors contributing to complications are discussed. Finally, this editorial discusses the likely direction of future NOTES development and its possible role in clinical practice.展开更多
Any major research library contains dozens of historical works about the Dutch Revolt of 1568 and the ensuing eighty years war that permanently divided the Habsburg Netherlands. However, to the best of my knowledge, n...Any major research library contains dozens of historical works about the Dutch Revolt of 1568 and the ensuing eighty years war that permanently divided the Habsburg Netherlands. However, to the best of my knowledge, none of them pays serious attention to the remarkable fact that this region had been governed by three women on behalf of various distant male relatives for all but seven of the sixty years preceding the revolt. This account stresses two things： First, these women generally governed a densely populated and relatively rich collection of provinces with great success; second, that an implacably bitter civil war broke out shortly after a distant king compelled its third female Governor-General to resign. It also stresses the connections between the three women and suggests that Philip II had overlooked a better-prepared female candidate when he appointed his half-sister in 1559.展开更多
STATE leaders from 189 countries that attended the Millennium Summit in 2000 adopted the UN Millennium Declaration,and so committed to helping achieve the eight millennium development goals.The first was to eradicate ...STATE leaders from 189 countries that attended the Millennium Summit in 2000 adopted the UN Millennium Declaration,and so committed to helping achieve the eight millennium development goals.The first was to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger.In an interview with Chinese media in 2011,UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said that China’s"remarkable progress"had"contributed to our global MDG results,"notably in helping the world to"lift at least half of the extremely poor people out of poverty."展开更多
文摘Since the first description of the concept of natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES), a substantial number of clinical NOTES reports have appeared in the literature. This editorial reviews the available human data addressing research questions originally proposed by the white paper, including determining the optimal method of access for NOTES, developing safe methods of lumenal closure, suturing and anastomotic devices, advanced multitasking platforms, addressing the risk of infection, managing complications, addressing challenges with visualization, and training for NOTES procedures. An analysis of the literature reveals that so far transvaginal access and closure appear to be the most feasible techniques for NOTES, with a limited, but growing transgastric, transrectal, and transesophageal NOTES experience in humans. The theoretically increased risk of infection as a result of NOTES procedures has not been substantiated in transvaginal and transgastric procedures so far. Development of suturing and anastomotic devices and advanced platforms for NOTES has progressed slowly, with limited clinical data on their use so far. Data onthe optimal management and incidence of intraoperative complications remain sparse, although possible factors contributing to complications are discussed. Finally, this editorial discusses the likely direction of future NOTES development and its possible role in clinical practice.
文摘Any major research library contains dozens of historical works about the Dutch Revolt of 1568 and the ensuing eighty years war that permanently divided the Habsburg Netherlands. However, to the best of my knowledge, none of them pays serious attention to the remarkable fact that this region had been governed by three women on behalf of various distant male relatives for all but seven of the sixty years preceding the revolt. This account stresses two things： First, these women generally governed a densely populated and relatively rich collection of provinces with great success; second, that an implacably bitter civil war broke out shortly after a distant king compelled its third female Governor-General to resign. It also stresses the connections between the three women and suggests that Philip II had overlooked a better-prepared female candidate when he appointed his half-sister in 1559.
文摘STATE leaders from 189 countries that attended the Millennium Summit in 2000 adopted the UN Millennium Declaration,and so committed to helping achieve the eight millennium development goals.The first was to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger.In an interview with Chinese media in 2011,UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said that China’s"remarkable progress"had"contributed to our global MDG results,"notably in helping the world to"lift at least half of the extremely poor people out of poverty."
