The objective of this study was to technically and economically assess the effect of biopesticides on the serious plant parasitic nematode Radopholus similis on banana in Costa Rica. The following treatments were eval...The objective of this study was to technically and economically assess the effect of biopesticides on the serious plant parasitic nematode Radopholus similis on banana in Costa Rica. The following treatments were evaluated： a mixture of nematode trapping fungi-Arthrobotrys oligospora, A. botryospora, Dactylella brochophaga and Drechmeria coniospora; DiTera DF which consist of a ＂dead＂ fungus Myrothecium spp. and its fermentation substrate; Savitan produced from desert plant extracts; QL Agri which contain Quillaja saponaria extracts; Japanese-style compost called Bokashi; two application of a chemical nematicide; and an absolute control. Results of root sampling on a six month basis showed that the biopesticides had lower nematode population densities than the control with the nematode trapping-fungi having statistically significant differences over the other treatments. Chemical control was highly effective and produced the lowest nematode density. However, there were no significant differences between the chemical treatment and the trapping-fungi treatment. The functional root weight and bunch weight showed no significant differences between treatments. Conversely, economic analyses indicated that using nematode trapping-fungi, chemical nematieide, or the QL Agri treatments gave a detectable profit. The land expectation value （LEV） of the banana plantation was higher than the price of banana land which indicated that under normal conditions in the banana sector, production is economically sustainable / profitable. Other results confirm that profit in banana production is affected by the price of a banana box, production and discount rate. The optimal production cycle was obtained in year ten after farm establishment, which refers to the year with the highest profit following plantation renewal. Finally, economical results highlighted the importance of nematodes control, since profitability indexes were sensitive to the efficiency and cost of nematode management technology adopted by the banana company.展开更多
A major goal of research in biotechnology and nanotechnology is to develop assemblies of novel biomaterials that can be used in analytical, industrial, and therapeutic applications. The synthesis of DNA （oligodeoxyri...A major goal of research in biotechnology and nanotechnology is to develop assemblies of novel biomaterials that can be used in analytical, industrial, and therapeutic applications. The synthesis of DNA （oligodeoxyribonucleotide） has been described containing the biaryl-type nucleoside surrogates, 6-deamino-2＇-deoxy-6-（l-naphthyl） adenosine （AN） and 6-deamino-2＇-deoxy-6-（1-pyrenyl） adenosine （AP）. It is found that incorporation of multiple ATM or AP residues in the middle of DNA duplexes does not significantly destabilize the duplexes and that the fluorescence intensities of the oligonucleotides containing AN or Ap significantly increases in the duplexes formed.展开更多
文摘The objective of this study was to technically and economically assess the effect of biopesticides on the serious plant parasitic nematode Radopholus similis on banana in Costa Rica. The following treatments were evaluated： a mixture of nematode trapping fungi-Arthrobotrys oligospora, A. botryospora, Dactylella brochophaga and Drechmeria coniospora; DiTera DF which consist of a ＂dead＂ fungus Myrothecium spp. and its fermentation substrate; Savitan produced from desert plant extracts; QL Agri which contain Quillaja saponaria extracts; Japanese-style compost called Bokashi; two application of a chemical nematicide; and an absolute control. Results of root sampling on a six month basis showed that the biopesticides had lower nematode population densities than the control with the nematode trapping-fungi having statistically significant differences over the other treatments. Chemical control was highly effective and produced the lowest nematode density. However, there were no significant differences between the chemical treatment and the trapping-fungi treatment. The functional root weight and bunch weight showed no significant differences between treatments. Conversely, economic analyses indicated that using nematode trapping-fungi, chemical nematieide, or the QL Agri treatments gave a detectable profit. The land expectation value （LEV） of the banana plantation was higher than the price of banana land which indicated that under normal conditions in the banana sector, production is economically sustainable / profitable. Other results confirm that profit in banana production is affected by the price of a banana box, production and discount rate. The optimal production cycle was obtained in year ten after farm establishment, which refers to the year with the highest profit following plantation renewal. Finally, economical results highlighted the importance of nematodes control, since profitability indexes were sensitive to the efficiency and cost of nematode management technology adopted by the banana company.
文摘A major goal of research in biotechnology and nanotechnology is to develop assemblies of novel biomaterials that can be used in analytical, industrial, and therapeutic applications. The synthesis of DNA （oligodeoxyribonucleotide） has been described containing the biaryl-type nucleoside surrogates, 6-deamino-2＇-deoxy-6-（l-naphthyl） adenosine （AN） and 6-deamino-2＇-deoxy-6-（1-pyrenyl） adenosine （AP）. It is found that incorporation of multiple ATM or AP residues in the middle of DNA duplexes does not significantly destabilize the duplexes and that the fluorescence intensities of the oligonucleotides containing AN or Ap significantly increases in the duplexes formed.
