Urbanization is the physical growth of urban areas as a result of global change. As the land cost is increasing tremendously and decreasing availability of good construction site is building up pressure on the enginee...Urbanization is the physical growth of urban areas as a result of global change. As the land cost is increasing tremendously and decreasing availability of good construction site is building up pressure on the engineers to utilize even the poorest site either by providing special type of foundation or by improving ground in urban centres. In this context literature is reviewed for use of landfill site for housing. The site exploration for old dump site was carried out to assess subsoil characteristics. The objective was to evolve strategy for economical feasible ground improvement technique to obtain permissible bearing capacity of 150 kPa and total settlement not more than 50 mm. The tests carried out are load tests with geotextile mat and stone filled wire mess matress. The analysis was attempted to evaluate the soil response and bearing capacity. The site can be used for construction of low rise housing for rehabilitation of displaced persons under TP scheme within city area utilizing old landfill sites.展开更多
The objective of this study was to technically and economically assess the effect of biopesticides on the serious plant parasitic nematode Radopholus similis on banana in Costa Rica. The following treatments were eval...The objective of this study was to technically and economically assess the effect of biopesticides on the serious plant parasitic nematode Radopholus similis on banana in Costa Rica. The following treatments were evaluated： a mixture of nematode trapping fungi-Arthrobotrys oligospora, A. botryospora, Dactylella brochophaga and Drechmeria coniospora; DiTera DF which consist of a ＂dead＂ fungus Myrothecium spp. and its fermentation substrate; Savitan produced from desert plant extracts; QL Agri which contain Quillaja saponaria extracts; Japanese-style compost called Bokashi; two application of a chemical nematicide; and an absolute control. Results of root sampling on a six month basis showed that the biopesticides had lower nematode population densities than the control with the nematode trapping-fungi having statistically significant differences over the other treatments. Chemical control was highly effective and produced the lowest nematode density. However, there were no significant differences between the chemical treatment and the trapping-fungi treatment. The functional root weight and bunch weight showed no significant differences between treatments. Conversely, economic analyses indicated that using nematode trapping-fungi, chemical nematieide, or the QL Agri treatments gave a detectable profit. The land expectation value （LEV） of the banana plantation was higher than the price of banana land which indicated that under normal conditions in the banana sector, production is economically sustainable / profitable. Other results confirm that profit in banana production is affected by the price of a banana box, production and discount rate. The optimal production cycle was obtained in year ten after farm establishment, which refers to the year with the highest profit following plantation renewal. Finally, economical results highlighted the importance of nematodes control, since profitability indexes were sensitive to the efficiency and cost of nematode management technology adopted by the banana company.展开更多
The core purpose of impact study was to collect best practices learnings of project through the reflection of communities or end users. During analysis and interpretation of data, some touch of context is also given t...The core purpose of impact study was to collect best practices learnings of project through the reflection of communities or end users. During analysis and interpretation of data, some touch of context is also given to clear the picture of weakness and strengths of project theory in terms of context. The main objective of project under study was to provide alternative energy to the communities living inside forest to reduce wood cutting for domestic purpose. Though there were many short term surveys were conducted during project, such as, average wood consumption at household level, community motivation survey. Instead to all MRDS （Mehran Research ＆ Development Society） felt need to conduct a detailed impact evaluation to see overall impact of project implementation and review on the life of end users or communities. After three years of project exit, MRDS conducted a qualitative impact study of project in the end of 2014. There were three key questions to explore during study： What was the overall impact of project on end users？ What the best practices of project and why？ What are project learnings and how？展开更多
文摘Urbanization is the physical growth of urban areas as a result of global change. As the land cost is increasing tremendously and decreasing availability of good construction site is building up pressure on the engineers to utilize even the poorest site either by providing special type of foundation or by improving ground in urban centres. In this context literature is reviewed for use of landfill site for housing. The site exploration for old dump site was carried out to assess subsoil characteristics. The objective was to evolve strategy for economical feasible ground improvement technique to obtain permissible bearing capacity of 150 kPa and total settlement not more than 50 mm. The tests carried out are load tests with geotextile mat and stone filled wire mess matress. The analysis was attempted to evaluate the soil response and bearing capacity. The site can be used for construction of low rise housing for rehabilitation of displaced persons under TP scheme within city area utilizing old landfill sites.
文摘The objective of this study was to technically and economically assess the effect of biopesticides on the serious plant parasitic nematode Radopholus similis on banana in Costa Rica. The following treatments were evaluated： a mixture of nematode trapping fungi-Arthrobotrys oligospora, A. botryospora, Dactylella brochophaga and Drechmeria coniospora; DiTera DF which consist of a ＂dead＂ fungus Myrothecium spp. and its fermentation substrate; Savitan produced from desert plant extracts; QL Agri which contain Quillaja saponaria extracts; Japanese-style compost called Bokashi; two application of a chemical nematicide; and an absolute control. Results of root sampling on a six month basis showed that the biopesticides had lower nematode population densities than the control with the nematode trapping-fungi having statistically significant differences over the other treatments. Chemical control was highly effective and produced the lowest nematode density. However, there were no significant differences between the chemical treatment and the trapping-fungi treatment. The functional root weight and bunch weight showed no significant differences between treatments. Conversely, economic analyses indicated that using nematode trapping-fungi, chemical nematieide, or the QL Agri treatments gave a detectable profit. The land expectation value （LEV） of the banana plantation was higher than the price of banana land which indicated that under normal conditions in the banana sector, production is economically sustainable / profitable. Other results confirm that profit in banana production is affected by the price of a banana box, production and discount rate. The optimal production cycle was obtained in year ten after farm establishment, which refers to the year with the highest profit following plantation renewal. Finally, economical results highlighted the importance of nematodes control, since profitability indexes were sensitive to the efficiency and cost of nematode management technology adopted by the banana company.
文摘The core purpose of impact study was to collect best practices learnings of project through the reflection of communities or end users. During analysis and interpretation of data, some touch of context is also given to clear the picture of weakness and strengths of project theory in terms of context. The main objective of project under study was to provide alternative energy to the communities living inside forest to reduce wood cutting for domestic purpose. Though there were many short term surveys were conducted during project, such as, average wood consumption at household level, community motivation survey. Instead to all MRDS （Mehran Research ＆ Development Society） felt need to conduct a detailed impact evaluation to see overall impact of project implementation and review on the life of end users or communities. After three years of project exit, MRDS conducted a qualitative impact study of project in the end of 2014. There were three key questions to explore during study： What was the overall impact of project on end users？ What the best practices of project and why？ What are project learnings and how？
