动力定位船舶全回转推进器工作区优化

[目的]为使动力定位全回转推进器及时响应外界环境力,避免推进器产生大范围旋转,实现动力定位控制的高精度,开展全回转推进器最佳工作区间研究。[方法]以安装有两个全回转推进器和一个侧向推进器的动力定位自航模型为研究对象,首先,分析当前推力分配奇异性优化指标存在的问题,在此基础上考虑推进器的推力限制,并采用遍历推进器推力及方位角的方法,建立轴向最大能力矩阵;然后,根据外界环境力大小及变化,计算得到各轴向的最低性能要求,结合禁止角,确定推进器在不同外界环境下的最佳工作区间,获得新的推力分配逻辑框架;最后,基于传统奇异性指标与最佳工作区间的动力定位船模,分别开展定点定位试验。[结果]结果表明,所提方法能够克服奇异性指标存在的不足,实现推进器方位角在50°范围内变化,定点定位达到0.1 m半径位置和0.5°艏向的控制精度。[结论]所述方法可替代奇异性指标,满足船模动力定位试验要求,具备一定的工程实用价值。

Performance of a two-state quantum engine improved by the superposition effect

The performance of a two-state quantum engine under different conditions is analyzed. It is shown that the efficiency of the quantum engine can be enhanced by superposing the eigenstates at the beginning of the cycle. By employing the finite-time movement of the potential wall, the power output of the quantum engine as well as the efficiency at the maximum power out- put （EMP） can be obtained. A generalized potential is adopted to describe a class of two-level quantum engines in a unified way. The results obtained show clearly that the performances of these engines depend on the external potential, the geometric configuration of the quantum engines, and the superposition effect. Moreow^r, it is found that the superposition effect will en- large the optimally operating region of quantum engines.