无芒雀麦-污泥系统中泥/土不同比例对PAHs修复效果的影响

城市污水处理厂污泥中含有较高浓度的有毒有害物质多环芳烃(PAHs),且污泥产量大,如果不经过处理直接农业利用或堆放会导致土壤和作物的污染。本研究利用污泥和土壤不同配比组合(W0%,泥土比0∶1;W25%,泥土比1∶3;W50%,泥土比1∶1;W75%,泥土比3∶1;W100%,泥土比1∶0)的盆栽试验,探讨无芒雀麦-污泥系统对污泥多环芳烃的修复效果。研究结果表明,随污泥含量增加对无芒雀麦株高的影响差异不明显,而生物量却呈现出明显的上升趋势。无芒雀麦对污泥的耐受性表现良好;无芒雀麦对泥/土组合14种PAHs的吸收总量以W100%处理最高,且对3环、4环多环芳烃的吸收量比其他环数优势明显;在不同泥/土组合处理下,无芒雀麦-污泥系统对泥/土14种PAHs总量的去除率在W50%、W75%、W100%处理间没有明显差异,以W75%组合去除率为最高,达85.4%。且含有污泥的所有组合对高环芳烃Pyr、Chry、BaA、BbF、BkF、BaP、InP单体的去除优势表现非常突出,均达到80%或90%以上。综合考虑无芒雀麦的生长状况、吸收量及去除率认为,将耐抗性和去除率高的无芒雀麦作为优选植物资源直接用于城市污泥PAHs的修复是可行的,且以泥土比3∶1为最佳修复组合。

牧草-污泥系统对污泥和尾矿砂不同组合PAHs的修复效果

选择无芒雀麦和紫花苜蓿作为修复植物,利用污泥和尾矿砂不同配比组合进行盆栽试验,探明植物-污泥系统对PAHs的修复效果。结果表明,随污泥含量增加无芒雀麦存活率基本一致,生物量却呈现出明显的上升趋势,对处理4(100%污泥)的耐受性远高于紫花苜蓿;而紫花苜蓿的存活率和生物量均呈下降趋势,仅在处理1,2(25%污泥、50%污泥)时存活良好。无芒雀麦对16种PAHs的吸收总量以处理4表现最高,且对Phe、Anth、BaP、DbA单体的吸收量优于紫花苜蓿;紫花苜蓿的吸收量以处理2为最好,且对Naph、Pyr、Chry、BaA、BbF、BkF单体的吸收量优于无芒雀麦。在不同污泥组合处理下,无芒雀麦-污泥系统以处理4对污泥16种PAHs总量的去除率最高,达84%,且对16种PAHs中的单体BaA、Chry、BkF去除效果最佳,达90%以上。而紫花苜蓿-污泥系统2,3,4处理之间的去除率差异不大,且远高于处理1,并以处理4为最高,达79%,且对单体DbA和InP的去除率最佳,达95%以上。综合考虑生长状况、吸收量以及去除率,建议将耐抗性和去除率高的无芒雀麦作为优选植物资源直接用于城市污泥PAHs的修复。紫花苜蓿修复污泥PAHs以控制污泥含量为50%,并辅以50%铁尾矿砂配料效果最佳。

Evaluating the Performance of Investment Funds in Turkey

It is important to determine the most appropriate levels of risk and return for small investors. For that purpose, the investment funds are very important tools to create a portfolio for small investors, to deploy the potential risks in optimal proportions, and to direct investors. In this study, the performance of 83 pieces of investment funds will be evaluated which are treated in Turkey dates from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2012 with performance evaluation methods such as Sharpe, Modigliani （M2） that is based on the standard deviation, and Treynor, T2, Jensen that is based on systematic risk （beta）, and the highest and lowest performance investment funds will be presented. The aim of the study is to examine the success of the investment fund managers whether they could estimate the course of the market well or not regarding time period. The empirical results show that the investors who invest on the funds that have negative risk premium by investing in the investment funds getting under the risk cannot get more excess return than getting the return from the risk-free interest rate as treasury bills. The result implies that it could be said that the systematic and total risks of all investment funds are low and they are not sensitive to the developments in the market, and thus, regarding funds could be called as conservative funds.