基于有效最大含水量的土壤水分监测优化布设方法

考虑空间变异的土壤水分精准测定是作物适时适量灌溉的基础。以土壤有效最大含水量作为关键参数,结合经典统计学和地统计学方法,提出了土壤水分监测优化布设数量与位置的确定方法,克服了以实测土壤含水量作为参数导致通用性差的弊端,并以北京大兴试验区3.645 km2为例,布设了129个采样点,分析了土壤有效最大含水量空间变异规律,提出了优化的采样数目及具体布设位置。结果表明:(1)土壤有效最大含水量在0~40与0~80 cm深度均满足正态分布,其变异系数分别是14.96%和13.56%,表现为中等程度的变异;(2)运用经典统计学方法获得在置信区间90%、采样误差10%情况下,0~40和0~80 cm深度的合理采样数分别为6个和5个,并采用地统计学方法确定了具体布设位置。(3)以129个样点估算的区域含水量作为实测值,依据优化采样点估算的区域含水量误差均低于10%,因此基于有效最大含水量的土壤水分监测优化布设方法可以在保证区域测量精度情况下,大幅减少采样点数量。

屋顶绿化基质雨水滞蓄效果影响因素研究

绿化屋顶基质层吸水饱和时的蓄水含量定义为最大含水量,最大含水量是绿化屋顶雨水滞蓄效果的重要评价指标。选择陶粒、草炭、煤渣等按不同组合不同配比设计6组基质配制方案,通过人工模拟降雨试验,探究了不同基质厚度、降雨强度及基质类型对屋顶绿化基质雨水滞蓄效果的影响。结果表明:对于同种屋顶绿化基质层,厚度、降雨强度不影响其最大含水量,但厚度越大,蓄水总量越大,延迟产流时间越长,而降雨强度越大,延迟产流时间越短;对于不同种绿化基质层,总孔隙度较大的基质组其最大含水量也相对较大,但基质层持水性与颗粒不均匀系数有关,颗粒越均匀,其持水性能越低。

Determation method for water content of diesel contaminated soil

With the increasing researches on geotechnical properties of the diesel contaminated soil( DCS),the water content measured is indispensable part during the early period. In this study,the relative error of water content measurement using the traditional method is as high as 20. 78%,which is no longer suitable for contaminated soil. Through a series of tests to measure the loss coefficient of diesel in the drying time,the authors finally proposed a modified calculation formula for test samples. The results show that the maximum relative error calculated by using the modified formula is 0. 96%,far lower than that of traditional formula,which can provide accurate data for further study of diesel contaminated soil.