利用遥感光谱无损、快速分析出氮肥的施用时期和施用模式,对于保护环境、产量及氮肥利用率的提高具有重要意义。利用FieldSpec 4Wide-Res Field Spectrum radiometer便携式地物光谱仪,测定了不同氮水平下小麦冠层和叶片两种模式光谱特...利用遥感光谱无损、快速分析出氮肥的施用时期和施用模式,对于保护环境、产量及氮肥利用率的提高具有重要意义。利用FieldSpec 4Wide-Res Field Spectrum radiometer便携式地物光谱仪,测定了不同氮水平下小麦冠层和叶片两种模式光谱特征及红边参数变化规律;提出一个新指数——归一化差异最大指数(normalized difference maximum index,NDMI),并分析其与叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)、SPAD(soil and plant analyzer development)值、MDA(malondialdehyde)含量、旗叶氮含量和产量的相关性。结果表明,小麦叶片原始光谱在开花后26d起800～1 330nm区间的光谱反射率以N3(1/3底施+1/3冬前追肥+1/3拔节期追肥)处理为最高,N1处理(1/2底施+1/2冬前追肥)次之。主要原因是由冬前和拔节期两个时期均施三分之一氮肥,增强了叶片光合能力。小麦冠层原始光谱,在400～700nm波段,N2(1/2底施+1/2拔节期追肥)处理最低;在760～1 368nm波段区间,由于群体结构不同,在开花期至灌浆中期N1处理的光谱反射率最高,N3处理次之;N3处理的冠层光谱反射率在开花后26和33d最高。建议用400～700和760～1 368nm波段的冠层原始光谱数据,分别来辨别小麦旗叶含氮量的高低及施肥模式。叶片模式下一阶微分光谱在500～750nm区间出现两个"峰",通过峰的位置偏移程度和偏移时期来估测施氮的模式。在670～740nm区间冠层一阶微分光谱值在开花期最高,开花后10d的一阶微分光谱值最低。在开花期至开花后10d N1处理的一阶微分光谱值高于N3处理;灌浆中期至开花后33dN3处理的一阶微分光谱值高于N1处理。可以通过一阶微分最大值来推测小麦所处的生育期和施肥的方式及施肥时期。在开花期至灌浆中期,冠层反射率一阶导数最大值(FD-Max)N1处理最高,N3处理次之;在开花后26～33d,N3处理的群体结构较其他处理密,导致其一阶导数最大值一直最高。四个处理叶片一阶导数最大值变化趋势不如冠层显著。四个处理的反射率一阶导数最大值对应的红边位置(REPFD-Max)中,N1和N3冠层REPFD-Max在灌浆中期后偏移显著;在开花后26～33d,N3处理的群体上层结构密,叶片宽且厚,冬前追施氮肥影响REPFD-Max偏移程度。基于NDVI基础上,筛选出一个新指数——归一化差异最大指数。冠层归一化差异最大指数(CNDMI)与农化参数的相关系数高于叶片归一化差异最大指数(LNDMI),且CNDMI与产量的相关性比LNDMI显著。冠层归一化差异最大指数与旗叶氮含量、SPAD值和MDA含量有着显著的相关性,相关系数r分别为0.812 88,0.928 21和-0.722 17。综上所述,借助光谱数据和红边参数可以推测小麦含氮量的高低,所处的生育期和施氮肥的模式,进而为田间施肥管理及施肥诊断提供依据。CNDMI与小麦产量有着更好的相关性,符合我国资源卫星的光谱波段范围,具有可实际操作性。展开更多
The local chaos characteristics of the time series pressure fluctuations of gas liquid two phase flow in a self aspirated reversed flow jet loop reactor are studied by the deterministic chaos analysis technique. It...The local chaos characteristics of the time series pressure fluctuations of gas liquid two phase flow in a self aspirated reversed flow jet loop reactor are studied by the deterministic chaos analysis technique. It is found that the estimated local largest Lyapunov exponent is positive in all cases and the profile is similar to that of the local fractal dimension in this reactor. The positive largest Lyapunov exponent shows that the reactor is a nonlinear chaotic system. The obvious distribution indicates that the local nonlinear characteristic parameters such as the Lyapunov exponent and the fractal dimension could be applied to further study the flow characteristics such as the flow regine transitions and flow structures of the multi phase reactors.展开更多
Hursts rescaled range (R/S) analysis and Wolfs attractor reconstruction technique have been adopted to estimate the local fractal dimensions and the local largest Lyapunov exponents in terms of the time series pressur...Hursts rescaled range (R/S) analysis and Wolfs attractor reconstruction technique have been adopted to estimate the local fractal dimensions and the local largest Lyapunov exponents in terms of the time series pressure fluctuations obtained from a gas liquid solid three phase self aspirated reversed flow jet loop reactor,respectively.The results indicate that the local fractal dimensions and the local largest Lyapunov exponents in both the jet region and the tubular region inside the draft tube increase with the increase in the jet liquid flowrates and the solid loadings,the local fractal dimension profiles are similar to those of the largest Lyapunov exponent,the local largest lyapunov exponents are positive for all cases,and the flow behavior of such a reactor is chaotic.The local nonlinear characteristic parameters such as the local fractal dimension and the local largest Lyapunov exponent could be applied to further study the flow properties such as the flow regime transitions and flow structures of this three phase jet loop reactor.展开更多
Oil–water two-phase flow patterns in a horizontal pipe are analyzed with a 16-electrode electrical resistance tomography(ERT) system. The measurement data of the ERT are treated as a multivariate time-series, thus th...Oil–water two-phase flow patterns in a horizontal pipe are analyzed with a 16-electrode electrical resistance tomography(ERT) system. The measurement data of the ERT are treated as a multivariate time-series, thus the information extracted from each electrode represents the local phase distribution and fraction change at that location. The multivariate maximum Lyapunov exponent(MMLE) is extracted from the 16-dimension time-series to demonstrate the change of flow pattern versus the superficial velocity ratio of oil to water. The correlation dimension of the multivariate time-series is further introduced to jointly characterize and finally separate the flow patterns with MMLE. The change of flow patterns with superficial oil velocity at different water superficial velocities is studied with MMLE and correlation dimension, respectively, and the flow pattern transition can also be characterized with these two features. The proposed MMLE and correlation dimension map could effectively separate the flow patterns, thus is an effective tool for flow pattern identification and transition analysis.展开更多
To investigate the relationship between nonlinear parameters and spontaneous combustion tendency of sulfide ores, nine different sulfide ore samples were taken from a pyrite mine in China, and induced spontaneous comb...To investigate the relationship between nonlinear parameters and spontaneous combustion tendency of sulfide ores, nine different sulfide ore samples were taken from a pyrite mine in China, and induced spontaneous combustion experiment was carried out in the laboratory. Different stages of the induced spontaneous combustion process were studied by integrating wavelet technology and nonlinear dynamics theory. The results show that ignition points of all the ore samples are above 330 ℃, indicating that sulfide ores of the pyrite mine are difficult to combust spontaneously under normal mining conditions. Spontaneous combustion process includes three stages： incubation stage, development stage and approaching stage. The average temperature rising rate of the three stages are 1.0 ~C/min, 2.0 ~C/min and 4.2 ~C/min, respectively. During the spontaneous combustion process, mean values of approximate entropy and correlation dimension increase at first, and then decrease in the following stage. The mean value of the maximum Lyapunov exponent increases with the passage of reaction time. In a whole, correlation among the three nonlinear parameters firstly weakens, then enhances, and the best correlation period is at approaching stage. As ignition point increases, the maximum Lyapunov exponent of approaching stage decreases. Therefore, combustible tendency of sulfide ores could be qualitatively evaluated based on the maximum Lyapunov exponent of this stage.展开更多
Combining the field monitoring results of a deep-buried tunnel in Chongqing,the dynamic characteristics of the surrounding rock system under high in situ stress wasanalyzed by phase space reconstruction, calculating c...Combining the field monitoring results of a deep-buried tunnel in Chongqing,the dynamic characteristics of the surrounding rock system under high in situ stress wasanalyzed by phase space reconstruction, calculating correlation dimension, Kolmogoroventropy and largest Lyapunov exponents.Both the Kolmogorov entropy and largestLyapunov exponents show that the surrounding rock system is a chaotic one.Based onthis, a local model was applied to predict surrounding rock displacement, and a nonlineardynamic model was derived to forecast the interaction of the surrounding rock and supportstructure.The local method was found to have an extremely small total error.Also, thenonlinear dynamic model forecasting curves agree with the monitoring ones very well.It isproved that the nonlinear dynamic characteristic study is very important in analyzing rockstability and predicting the evolution of rock systems.展开更多
The techniques to forecast available parking space(APS) are indispensable components for parking guidance systems(PGS). According to the data collected in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, the changing characteristics of ...The techniques to forecast available parking space(APS) are indispensable components for parking guidance systems(PGS). According to the data collected in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, the changing characteristics of APS were studied. Thereafter, aiming to build up a multi-step APS forecasting model that provides richer information than a conventional one-step model, the largest Lyapunov exponents(largest LEs) method was introduced into PGS. By experimental tests conducted using the same dataset, its prediction performance was compared with traditional wavelet neural network(WNN) method in both one-step and multi-step processes. Based on the results, a new multi-step forecasting model called WNN-LE method was proposed, where WNN, which enjoys a more accurate performance along with a better learning ability in short-term forecasting, was applied in the early forecast steps while the Lyapunov exponent prediction method in the latter steps precisely reflect the chaotic feature in latter forecast period. The MSE of APS forecasting for one hour time period can be reduced from 83.1 to 27.1(in a parking building with 492 berths) by using largest LEs method instead of WNN and further reduced to 19.0 by conducted the new method.展开更多
An improved algorithm for calculating the largest Lyapunov exponents (λ1) is presented based on Kantz algorithm. The presented algorithm can select a neighborhood in a certain extent according to the variety of the c...An improved algorithm for calculating the largest Lyapunov exponents (λ1) is presented based on Kantz algorithm. The presented algorithm can select a neighborhood in a certain extent according to the variety of the curves for calculating the largest Lyapunov exponent. And it can determine the linear zone based on the curves where branch is generated, thus, the largest Lyapunov exponent is obtained. The numerical experiments for the Hénon map prove that the proposed method is a direct method to identify whether a linear envelope to the curves exists in distinguishing chaos from noise, and it is superior to the Kantz algorithm.展开更多
文摘The local chaos characteristics of the time series pressure fluctuations of gas liquid two phase flow in a self aspirated reversed flow jet loop reactor are studied by the deterministic chaos analysis technique. It is found that the estimated local largest Lyapunov exponent is positive in all cases and the profile is similar to that of the local fractal dimension in this reactor. The positive largest Lyapunov exponent shows that the reactor is a nonlinear chaotic system. The obvious distribution indicates that the local nonlinear characteristic parameters such as the Lyapunov exponent and the fractal dimension could be applied to further study the flow characteristics such as the flow regine transitions and flow structures of the multi phase reactors.
文摘Hursts rescaled range (R/S) analysis and Wolfs attractor reconstruction technique have been adopted to estimate the local fractal dimensions and the local largest Lyapunov exponents in terms of the time series pressure fluctuations obtained from a gas liquid solid three phase self aspirated reversed flow jet loop reactor,respectively.The results indicate that the local fractal dimensions and the local largest Lyapunov exponents in both the jet region and the tubular region inside the draft tube increase with the increase in the jet liquid flowrates and the solid loadings,the local fractal dimension profiles are similar to those of the largest Lyapunov exponent,the local largest lyapunov exponents are positive for all cases,and the flow behavior of such a reactor is chaotic.The local nonlinear characteristic parameters such as the local fractal dimension and the local largest Lyapunov exponent could be applied to further study the flow properties such as the flow regime transitions and flow structures of this three phase jet loop reactor.
基金Projects(61227006,61473206) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(13TXSYJC40200) supported by Science and Technology Innovation of Tianjin,China
文摘Oil–water two-phase flow patterns in a horizontal pipe are analyzed with a 16-electrode electrical resistance tomography(ERT) system. The measurement data of the ERT are treated as a multivariate time-series, thus the information extracted from each electrode represents the local phase distribution and fraction change at that location. The multivariate maximum Lyapunov exponent(MMLE) is extracted from the 16-dimension time-series to demonstrate the change of flow pattern versus the superficial velocity ratio of oil to water. The correlation dimension of the multivariate time-series is further introduced to jointly characterize and finally separate the flow patterns with MMLE. The change of flow patterns with superficial oil velocity at different water superficial velocities is studied with MMLE and correlation dimension, respectively, and the flow pattern transition can also be characterized with these two features. The proposed MMLE and correlation dimension map could effectively separate the flow patterns, thus is an effective tool for flow pattern identification and transition analysis.
基金Projects(51304238,51534008)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2015CX005)supported by Innovation Driven Plan of Central South University,China
文摘To investigate the relationship between nonlinear parameters and spontaneous combustion tendency of sulfide ores, nine different sulfide ore samples were taken from a pyrite mine in China, and induced spontaneous combustion experiment was carried out in the laboratory. Different stages of the induced spontaneous combustion process were studied by integrating wavelet technology and nonlinear dynamics theory. The results show that ignition points of all the ore samples are above 330 ℃, indicating that sulfide ores of the pyrite mine are difficult to combust spontaneously under normal mining conditions. Spontaneous combustion process includes three stages： incubation stage, development stage and approaching stage. The average temperature rising rate of the three stages are 1.0 ~C/min, 2.0 ~C/min and 4.2 ~C/min, respectively. During the spontaneous combustion process, mean values of approximate entropy and correlation dimension increase at first, and then decrease in the following stage. The mean value of the maximum Lyapunov exponent increases with the passage of reaction time. In a whole, correlation among the three nonlinear parameters firstly weakens, then enhances, and the best correlation period is at approaching stage. As ignition point increases, the maximum Lyapunov exponent of approaching stage decreases. Therefore, combustible tendency of sulfide ores could be qualitatively evaluated based on the maximum Lyapunov exponent of this stage.
基金Supported by the New Century Excellent Talent Foundation from MOE of China(NCET-09-0844)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(50804060,50621403)
文摘Combining the field monitoring results of a deep-buried tunnel in Chongqing,the dynamic characteristics of the surrounding rock system under high in situ stress wasanalyzed by phase space reconstruction, calculating correlation dimension, Kolmogoroventropy and largest Lyapunov exponents.Both the Kolmogorov entropy and largestLyapunov exponents show that the surrounding rock system is a chaotic one.Based onthis, a local model was applied to predict surrounding rock displacement, and a nonlineardynamic model was derived to forecast the interaction of the surrounding rock and supportstructure.The local method was found to have an extremely small total error.Also, thenonlinear dynamic model forecasting curves agree with the monitoring ones very well.It isproved that the nonlinear dynamic characteristic study is very important in analyzing rockstability and predicting the evolution of rock systems.
基金Project(2012CB725402)supported by the National Key Basic Research Program of ChinaProjects(51338003,50908051)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The techniques to forecast available parking space(APS) are indispensable components for parking guidance systems(PGS). According to the data collected in Newcastle upon Tyne, England, the changing characteristics of APS were studied. Thereafter, aiming to build up a multi-step APS forecasting model that provides richer information than a conventional one-step model, the largest Lyapunov exponents(largest LEs) method was introduced into PGS. By experimental tests conducted using the same dataset, its prediction performance was compared with traditional wavelet neural network(WNN) method in both one-step and multi-step processes. Based on the results, a new multi-step forecasting model called WNN-LE method was proposed, where WNN, which enjoys a more accurate performance along with a better learning ability in short-term forecasting, was applied in the early forecast steps while the Lyapunov exponent prediction method in the latter steps precisely reflect the chaotic feature in latter forecast period. The MSE of APS forecasting for one hour time period can be reduced from 83.1 to 27.1(in a parking building with 492 berths) by using largest LEs method instead of WNN and further reduced to 19.0 by conducted the new method.
文摘An improved algorithm for calculating the largest Lyapunov exponents (λ1) is presented based on Kantz algorithm. The presented algorithm can select a neighborhood in a certain extent according to the variety of the curves for calculating the largest Lyapunov exponent. And it can determine the linear zone based on the curves where branch is generated, thus, the largest Lyapunov exponent is obtained. The numerical experiments for the Hénon map prove that the proposed method is a direct method to identify whether a linear envelope to the curves exists in distinguishing chaos from noise, and it is superior to the Kantz algorithm.
