采用泄爆管的粉尘爆炸在泄放过程中的压力特性

以2μm铝粉为介质,在内径68mm、高305mm的钢制圆柱容器顶端连接内径25mm、不同长度的钢制泄爆管,开展了粉尘爆炸泄放实验。通过分别改变泄爆管长度及粉尘的质量浓度,研究粉尘爆炸泄放过程中容器及泄爆管内的压力特性,重点在探索泄放过程中二次爆炸发生的条件。结果表明,在本实验条件下,当泄爆管长度LT≥1 500mm,粉尘质量浓度ρ≥500g/m3时,泄爆管内发生二次爆炸的几率很高。二次爆炸产生的压力波分别向爆炸容器及泄爆管末端2个方向传播。向爆炸容器传播的压力波阻碍并扰乱泄放过程,导致容器内残余未燃粉尘反应,使容器内压力出现二次峰值。

泄压与隔爆联用的粉尘爆炸压力特性

作为目前市场上运用最广泛的隔爆产品,隔爆翻板阀一般与泄压板联用,以防止粉尘爆炸传播。为了探究粉尘爆炸时泄压与隔爆联用对容器内压力及隔爆效果的影响,进行了工业规模的粉尘爆炸实验。实验结果表明:由于隔爆翻板阀的影响,容器内部出现了二次峰值压力;随着隔爆翻板阀安装距离的增加,容器内两个峰值压力的时间间隔从28.2 ms增加到62.3 ms,且到达隔爆翻板阀前的峰值压力从0.067 MPa上升至0.101 MPa;泄压面积的增大会导致容器内部和隔爆翻板阀前端峰值压力降低,并可能导致隔爆失败。

常见烯烃爆炸特性的研究

为减少烯烃类爆炸事故带来的严重危害,采用国际通用的20 L球型爆炸测试装置测试了常温初始压力为0.1 MPa条件下,4种常见烯烃的爆炸特性参数。结果表明,随着烯烃含量的增加各项爆炸特性参数均呈现出先增大后减小的特征,最大爆炸压力和爆炸指数均在化学计量比附近获得,4种烯烃最大爆炸压力分别为乙烯1.5 MPa、丙烯1.3 MPa、正丁烯1.5 MPa、异丁烯1.6 MPa,爆炸指数分别为16.56(MPa.m)/s、7.37(MPa.m)/s、16.98(MPa.m)/s、29.07(MPa.m)/s。

瓦斯与煤尘混合物爆炸特性数值模拟仿真

运用Fluent对瓦斯煤尘混合物爆炸过程进行了数值模拟,并对爆炸过程中爆炸超压和火焰温度,进行了分析.结果表明:在爆炸初始3ms内的火焰温度上升速率达到了3 000K/ms,火焰最高温度达到了3 400K.瓦斯煤尘混合物爆炸的最大爆炸超压随着煤尘粒径的增大而减小;当瓦斯浓度为5%,煤尘浓度为390g/m3时,瓦斯煤尘混合物爆炸的最大爆炸超压值最高.该模拟仿真系统的仿真结果为预防煤矿瓦斯、瓦斯煤尘爆炸提供数据基础和参考.

Comparative experimental study on inhibiting gas explosion using ABC dry powder and diatomite powder

Using a 20 L spherical explosion suppressing test system, the largest gas explosion pressure and maximum pressure rising rate with additives of ultra-fine ABC dry powder and diatomite powder were tested and compared, and the explosion suppression effect of the two kinds of powder was analyzed. Experimental results show that both powders can suppress gas ex- plosion and ABC dry powder is superior to diatomite powder. Adding two powders under the same experimental conditions, when methane concentration is 7.0%, the maximum explosion pressure decreased 39% and 4%, respectively, while the rising rate of the maximum pressure decreased 80% and 53%, respectively. When methane concentration is 9.5%, the maximum ex- plosion pressure decreased 14% and 12%, respectively, the rising rate of maximum pressure decreased 62% and 27%, respec- tively, the maximum explosion pressure decreased 23% and 18%, respectively, while the rising rate of the maximum pressure decreased 77% and 70%, respectively. When methane concentration is 12.0%, the explosion suppression effect of ultra-fine ABC dry powder is not affected by the methane concentration, and the explosion suppression effect of diatomite powder under high methane concentrations is more obvious.

Mechanism research of gas and coal dust explosion

Combined with the experimental results from the large tunnel of the ChongqingResearch Institute,the mechanism of gas and coal dust explosion was studied.Someconcepts about gas and coal dust explosion were introduced such as the form conditionand influential factors.Gas and coal dust explosion propagation was researched and thelifting process of coal dust was simulated.When an explosion occurred due to great mixtureof gas and air,the maximum explosion pressure appeared in the neighborhood of theexplosion source point.Before it propagated to the tunnel of the deposited coal dust,themaximum explosion pressure appeared to be in declining trend.Part of the energy waslost in the process of raising the deposited coal dust through a shock wave,so the maximumexplosion pressure was smallest on the foreside of the deposited coal dust sector.On the deposited coal dust sector,the explosion pressure rapidly increased and droppedoff after achieving the largest peak value.Because of coal dust participation in the explosion,the flame velocity rose rapidly on the deposited coal dust and achieved a basic stablevalue;coal dust was ignited to explode by initial laminar flame,and the laminar flametransformed into turbulent flame.The turbulence transformed the flame fold into a funnelshape and the shock wave interacted with the flame,so the combustion rate rose and thepressure wave was further enhanced.The regeneration mechanism between the flamecombustion rate and the aerodynamic flowing structure achieved the final critical state forforming the detonation.

Mechanical Model of Domestic Gas Explosion Load

With the increase of domestic gas consumption in cities and towns in China,gas explo-sion accidents happened rather frequently,and many structures were damaged greatly.Rational physical design could protect structures from being destroyed,but the character of explosion load must be learned firstly by establishing a correct mechanical model to simulate vented gas explo-sions.The explosion process has been studied for many years towards the safety of chemical in-dustry equipments.The key problem of these studies was the equations usually involved some ad-justable parameters that must be evaluated by experimental data,and the procedure of calculation was extremely complicated,so the reliability of these studies was seriously limited.Based on these studies,a simple mathematical model was established in this paper by using energy conservation,mass conservation,gas state equation,adiabatic compression equation and gas venting equation.Explosion load must be estimated by considering the room layout; the rate of pressure rise was then corrected by using a turbulence factor,so the pressure-time curve could be obtained.By using this method,complicated calculation was avoided,while experimental and calculated results fitted fairly well.Some pressure-time curves in a typical rectangular room were calculated to inves-tigate the influences of different ignition locations,gas thickness,concentration,room size and venting area on the explosion pressure.The results indicated that: it was the most dangerous con-dition when being ignited in the geometry centre of the room; the greater the burning velocity,the worse the venting effect; the larger the venting pressure,the higher the peak pressure; the larger the venting area,the lower the peak pressure.

Numerical study on maximum rebound ratio in blasting wave propagation along radian direction normal to joints

In the process of 2-D compressional wave propagation in a rock mass with multiple parallel joints along the radian direction normal to the joints, the maximum possible wave amplitude corresponding to the points between the two adjacent joints in the joint set is controlled by superposition of the multiple transmitted and the reflected waves, measured by the maximum rebound ratio. Parametric studies on the maximum rebound ratio along the radian direction normal to the joints were performed in universal distinct element code. The results show that the maximum rebound ratio is influenced by three factors, i.e., the normalized normal stiffness of joints, the ratio of joint spacing to wavelength and the joint from which the wave rebounds. The relationship between the maximum rebound ratio and the influence factors is generalized into five charts. Those charts can be used as the prediction model for estimating the maximum rebound ratio.

Study on explosion process of methane-coal dust mixture

The experimental system of 10 m3 large-scale multiphase combustion explosion tank was used for research into the explosion development process under the ignition conditions of methane-coal dust-air mixture, and the overpressure development processes of the mixture at different distances were obtained. For the methane-coal dust-air mixture with an equivalence ratio of 1, the explosion pressure and pressure rise rate reached their maximum under a methane concentration of 8% and a coal dust concentration of 25 g/m3, while the maximum explosion pressure and pressure rise rate both occurred 0.5 m away from the ignition point under a methane concentration of between 4.5% and 8%, and a coal dust concentration of between 25 g/m3 and 1 O0 g/m3. Moreover, the greater the explosion intensity of mixture, the closer the occurrence location of maximum overpres- sure was to the ignition source.

Explosive characteristics of nanometer and micrometer aluminum-powder

The explosive characteristics of aluminum powder have great significance in preventing and controlling aluminum-dust explosion accidents, especially the nano-aluminum powder. The explosion characteristics of 100 nm and 75 μm aluminum powders were investigated by using a 20 L spherical explosion cavity and a horizontal pipe whose cross-section area is 80 mm × 80 mm and length is 8 m. The results show that the maximum explosion pressure and its rising rate of 100 nm aluminum powder gradually increase with increasing concentration of aluminum-powder at the beginning. When aluminum-powder concentration is I kg/m3, the maximum explosion pressure reaches its maximum, and then gradually decreases. While when the concentration is 1.25 kg/m3, the maximum rate of pressure rise obtains its maximum, and then decreases. After 100 nm aluminum powder is exploded in pipes, the peak overpressure of blast wave first decreases and then increases to the maximum at a distance of 298 cm from the ignition source, and then gradually decreases. The most violent concentration is about 0.4 kg/m3 which is lower than 0.8 kg/m3 of 75 μm aluminum powder, so 100 nm aluminum powders are more easily exploded. The change laws of maximum explosion pressure, maximum rate of pressure rise and blast-wave peak overpressure of 100 nm aluminum powders with concentration are similar to those of 75 ktm aluminum powders, but these values are much higher than 75 Bm aluminum powders under the same concentration, so the aluminum-powders explosion of 100 nm will produce more harms. In the process of production, storage and transportation of aluminum powder, some relevant preventive measures can be taken to reduce the loss caused by aluminum-dust explosion according to nano-aluminum dust.