SPECT系统空间分辨力、系统平面灵敏度和固有最大计数率的测量分析

目的通过在核医学科现有条件下对单光子发射型计算机断层显像仪(Single-PhotonEmissionComputed Tomography,SPECT)设备系统空间分辨力、系统平面灵敏度和固有最大计数率进行检测分析,探讨其测试方法、影响因素和临床意义。方法采用美国GE公司的Discovery NM/CT 670 Pro显像系统,参考美国电器制造商协会(National Electrical Manufacturers Association,NEMA)标准NU-1-2012和国家卫生行业标准WS 523-2019,使用99mTc点源测量固有最大计数率,记录实时计数率随源距的变化并绘制曲线;根据测量要求,制备99mTc平面源进行系统平面灵敏度的测量;制备双线源,在标准参数下测量系统空间分辨力;分别改变线源与探头的距离、采集矩阵、活度及计数等采集条件,进一步检测相应条件下的系统空间分辨力。结果设备系统空间分辨力为7.5 mm,采集矩阵越小,源距越大,系统空间分辨力越低,适当降低源活度或采集计数对系统空间分辨力无明显影响,设备系统平面灵敏度为100.5 cps/MBq,固有最大计数率为107.5 kcps。结论核医学科人员可在现有条件下实现SPECT系统空间分辨力、系统平面灵敏度和固有最大计数率的自主检测,对有效保障SPECT成像质量、提高临床诊断准确性具有重要意义。

反应堆中子注量率相对分布测量装置中多通道放大甄别器研制

为了测量反应堆内中子注量率分布，保证反应堆内活化55 M n-58 Ni合金探测片γ计数测量的可靠性，本文研制了中子注量率分布测量装置中9通道放大甄别器。多通道放大甄别器性能指标测试与应用测试结果表明：每个通道放大器增益1～21连续可调、甄别器阈值独立连续可调，具有最大计数率高、灵敏度高、稳定性好、系统抗串扰能力强等优点；放大器增益长期稳定性≤1％，甄别器最小输入脉冲宽度≥0.1μs ，甄别器最大计数率≤4×106 s-1，能用于实时长期稳定测量反应堆内中子注量率分布。

An improved wind retrieval algorithm for the HY-2A scatterometer

Since January 2012,the National Satellite Ocean Application Service has released operational wind products from the HY-2A scatterometer(HY2-SCAT),using the maximum-likelihood estimation(MLE) method with a median filter. However,the quality of the winds retrieved from HY2-SCAT depends on the sub-satellite cross-track location,and poor azimuth separation in the nadir region causes particularly low-quality wind products in this region. However,an improved scheme,i.e.,a multiple solution scheme(MSS) with a two-dimensional variational analysis method(2DVAR),has been proposed by the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute to overcome such problems. The present study used the MSS in combination with a 2DVAR technique to retrieve wind data from HY2-SCAT observations. The parameter of the empirical probability function,used to indicate the probability of each ambiguous solution being the "true" wind,was estimated based on HY2-SCAT data,and the 2DVAR method used to remove ambiguity in the wind direction. A comparison between MSS and ECMWF winds showed larger deviations at both low wind speeds(below 4 m/s) and high wind speeds(above 17 m/s),whereas the wind direction exhibited lower bias and good stability,even at high wind speeds greater than 24 m/s. The two HY2-SCAT wind data sets,retrieved by the standard MLE and the MSS procedures were compared with buoy observations. The RMS error of wind speed and direction were 1.3 m/s and 17.4°,and 1.3 m/s and 24.0° for the MSS and MLE wind data,respectively,indicating that MSS wind data had better agreement with the buoy data. Furthermore,the distributions of wind fields for a case study of typhoon Soulik were compared,which showed that MSS winds were spatially more consistent and meteorologically better balanced than MLE winds.

A New Approach to Estimating the T-Year Return-Period Wave Height

The paper introduces a new approach to estimating the T-year return-period wave height (TRPW), i.e. the wave height expected to occur in T-year, from two sets of observed extreme data and on the basis of the maximum entropy principle. The main points of the approach are as follows. 1) A maximum entropy probability density function (PDF) for the extreme wave height H is derived from a Euler equation subject to some necessary and rational constraints. 2) The parameters in the function are expressed in terms of the mth moment of H. 3) This PDF is convenient to theoretical and practical applications as it is simple and its four parameters are easy to be determined from observed extreme data. An example is given for estimating the TRPW in 50 and 100 years by the present approach and by some currently used methods using observed data at two hydrographic stations.The comparison of the estimated results shows that the present approach is quite similar to the Pearson-Ⅲ and Gumbel methods.

Study on Probability Distributions of Multi-Timescale Aerosol Optical Depth Using AERONET Data

The probability distribution analysis is per-formed for multi-timescale aerosol optical depth (AOD) using AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) level 2.0 data.The maximum likelihood estimation is employed to determine the best-fit probability density function (PDF),and the statement that the fitting Weibull distribution will be light-tailed is proved true for these AOD samples.The best-fit PDF results for multi-site data show that the PDF of AOD samples with longer timescale in most sites tends to be stably represented by lognormal distribution,while Weibull distribution is a better fit for AOD samples with short timescales.The reason for this difference is ana-lyzed through tail characteristics of the two distributions,and an indicator for the selection between Weibull and lognormal distributions is suggested and validated.The result of this research is helpful for determining the most accurate AOD statistics for a given site and a given time-scale and for validating the retrieved AOD through its PDF.

交叉条形阳极探测器的解码误差及性能分析

针对交叉条形(XS)阳极探测器所存在的解码误差问题,分析了XS阳极解码误差产生的原因及变化规律,得到了微通道板(MCP)出射电子云的直径需要覆盖XS阳极约1.64个周期的最佳工作条件。根据分析结果设计制备了一种周期为635μm的XS阳极结构,并对该阳极的电荷输出信号波形进行了采样。在分析了输出信号波形的线性及噪声的基础上,估算出XS阳极探测器的最大计数率和空间分辨率分别为1 MHz和4μm。