循环冷却水最小流率目标值的确定

循环冷却水是工业用水系统中最重要的一种用水类型,其用量由过程系统的冷却需求决定。从系统的角度,分别探讨了如何用水夹点法和热夹点技术中的总复合曲线来确定循环冷却水流率的目标值,并对其间的差异进行了比较和分析,对于企业的节水工作有着重要的指导意义。用这两种方法对某装置的冷却水网络进行了分析,确定了不同情况下的冷却水的最小流率。

外环状弹性壁布膜器及超薄降膜厚度

研发了竖直管外环状弹性壁降膜分布器,可以产生微米量级厚度均匀的超薄降膜流动。由弹性薄壁轴对称变形协调性决定,该布膜器具有均匀性和稳定性内在机理。理论分析导出了初始膜厚及布膜流量与布膜器内液柱高度的线性关系,并通过布膜器操作参数及降膜流量等实验数据进行了验证。实验结果表明,该布膜器对降膜管壁的润湿性能已经达到由固液界面性质决定的最小润湿流率。

On Minimizing Delay with Probabilistic Splitting of Traffic Flow in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

In the paper,we propose a framework to investigate how to effectively perform traffic flow splitting in heterogeneous wireless networks from a queue point.The average packet delay in heterogeneous wireless networks is derived in a probabilistic manner.The basic idea can be understood via treating the integrated heterogeneous wireless networks as different coupled and parallel queuing systems.The integrated network performance can approach that of one queue with maximal the multiplexing gain.For the purpose of illustrating the effectively of our proposed model,the Cellular/WLAN interworking is exploited.To minimize the average delay,a heuristic search algorithm is used to get the optimal probability of splitting traffic flow.Further,a Markov process is applied to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme and compare with that of selecting the best network to access in terms of packet mean delay and blocking probability.Numerical results illustrate our proposed framework is effective and the flow splitting transmission can obtain more performance gain in heterogeneous wireless networks.

Constructal optimization of cylindrical heat sources with forced convection based on entransy dissipation rate minimization

Based on constructal theory and entransy theory,the optimal designs of constant-and variable-cross-sectional cylindrical heat sources are carried out by taking dimensionless equivalent resistance minimization as optimization objective.The effects of the cylindrical height,the cylindrical shape and the ratio of thermal conductivity of the fin to that of the heat source are analyzed.The results show that when the volume of the heat source is fixed,there exists an optimal ratio of the center-to-centre distance of the fin and the heat source to the cylinder radius which leads to the minimum dimensionless equivalent thermal resistance.With the increase in the height of the cylindrical heat source and the ratio of thermal conductivity,the minimum dimensionless equivalent thermal resistance decreases gradually.For the heat source model with inverted variable-cross-sectional cylinder,there exist an optimal ratio of the center-to-centre distance of the fin and the heat source to the cylinder radius and an optimal radius ratio of the smaller and bigger circles of the cylindrical fin which lead to a double minimum dimensionless equivalent thermal resistance.Therefore,the heat transfer performance of the cylindrical heat source is improved by adopting the cylindrical model with variable-cross-section.The optimal constructs of the cylindrical heat source based on the minimizations of dimensionless maximum thermal resistance and dimensionless equivalent thermal resistance are different.When the thermal security is ensured,the optimal construct of the cylindrical heat source based on minimum equivalent thermal resistance can provide a new alternative scheme for the practical design of heat source.The results obtained herein enrich the work of constructal theory and entransy theory in the optimal design field of the heat sources,and they can provide some guidelines for the designs of practical heat source systems.

Thermal Performance of a Single-row Fin-and-tube Heat Exchanger

Experiments were carried out to study the heat transfer characteristics of a single-row aluminum fin-and-tube crossflow heat exchanger with an emphasis in the regime of low flow rate of the in-tube fluid. The Chilton-Colburn analogy, in conjunction with the least-squares power-law technique, was used to correlate experimental data. Both air- and water-side heat transfer correlations were developed in the form of the Nusselt numbers as a function of Reynolds and Prandtl numbers. The experimental observations are quantitatively compared to the predictions of correlations available in the published literature. Different transfer mechanisms were found to be operative in the ranges of water-side Reynolds numbers based on the hydraulic diameter. In a range of Reynolds number from 1,200 to 6,000, the water-side thermal resistance accounts for less than ten percent of the overall thermal resistance. The dominant thermal resistance is always on the air-side. On the other hand, the thermal resistance of water-side is nearly equal to that of air-side in a Reynolds number range from 500 to 1,200.

On λ-Power Distributional n-Chaos

For each real number λ∈ [0, 1], λ-power distributional chaos has been in- troduced and studied via Furstenberg families recently. The chaoticity gets stronger and stronger as A varies from 1 to 0, where 1-power distributional chaos is exactly the usual distributional chaos. As a generalization of distributional n-chaos,λ-power distributional n-chaos is defined similarly. Lots of classic results on distributional chaos can be improved to be the versions of λ-power distributional n-chaos accordingly. A practical method for distinguishing 0-power distributional n-chaos is given. A transitive system is constructed to be 0-power distributionally n-chaotic but without any distributionally （n ＋ 1）-scrambled tuples. For each λ∈ [0, 1], ）,-power distributional n-chaos can still appear in minimal systems with zero topological entropy.