鼓形刀宽行刀位优化纬线分割算法

为便于鼓形刀定位和姿态调整,结合最短距离线对思想,将刀具沿纬度方向进行离散.为使刀具更好地适应工件的曲率分布,实现广域曲率分布吻合,采用单点切触方法,在加工曲面一定范围内寻求最佳切触点,以达到最大切削行宽;分别采用等参数和等波高2种刀位优化算法,编制了程序;通过实例验证了新算法在避免干涉并获得最大行宽、以及实现等参数和等波高刀轨排列方面的有效性.该技术对于提高航空复杂曲面结构件的加工效率和加工质量具有重要意义和广泛的应用前景.

四坐标精密加工大型曲面中的刀位优化

对传统刀位算法进行了分析,指出基于局域微分几何技术的算法具有无法避免理论误差和优化不完整等缺陷,并且只能用于五坐标加工;指出广域曲率吻合原则是广域刀位算法应遵循的基本原则,具有较强的工程实用价值;介绍了基于该原则的最短距离线法,并给出了完整的流程,针对较少研究的四坐标加工进行了具体编程计算和实际加工实验。通过与常用算法的对比,证明了算法的有效性和优越性。

改善机床运动的五轴刀轨光顺方法

建立了五轴数控加工刀轨光顺优化模型,改善了线性插补方式下拐角过渡运动中的机床加速度情况。考虑了5个轴加速能力的差异,以轴加速度比,即轴实际达到的最大加速度与其允许最大加速度的比值,来衡量轴的加速度情况,以5个轴加速度比的平方平均数在整体上衡量机床的加速度情况,降低该值可提高机床运动平稳性。采用最短距离线法在初始刀轨的各切触点处建立了刀轴偏航角和俯仰角的可行域,使光顺后的刀轨满足残高和无过切要求。实例表明:该方法可有效光顺五轴数控加工刀轨,改善机床加速度情况,提高机床运动平稳性。

Assessment of different genetic distances in constructing cotton core subset by genotypic values

One hundred and sixty-eight genotypes of cotton from the same growing region were used as a germplasm group to study the validity of different genetic distances in constructing cotton core subset. Mixed linear model approach was employed to unbiasedly predict genotypic values of 20 traits for eliminating the environmental effect. Six commonly used genetic distances(Euclidean,standardized Euclidean,Mahalanobis,city block,cosine and correlation distances) combining four commonly used hierarchical cluster methods(single distance,complete distance,unweighted pair-group average and Ward's methods) were used in the least distance stepwise sampling(LDSS) method for constructing different core subsets. The analyses of variance(ANOVA) of different evaluating parameters showed that the validities of cosine and correlation distances were inferior to those of Euclidean,standardized Euclidean,Mahalanobis and city block distances. Standardized Euclidean distance was slightly more effective than Euclidean,Mahalanobis and city block distances. The principal analysis validated standardized Euclidean distance in the course of constructing practical core subsets. The covariance matrix of accessions might be ill-conditioned when Mahalanobis distance was used to calculate genetic distance at low sampling percentages,which led to bias in small-sized core subset construction. The standardized Euclidean distance is recommended in core subset construction with LDSS method.

基于包络理论的刀位误差快速求解算法

针对五坐标数控加工中刀位误差计算效率较低的问题,提出了一种基于包络原理的刀位误差快速计算方法。首先,通过描述刀位误差与最短距离线段的关系建立两者的关系式。其次,将工件曲面沿进给方向离散成若干条截型线,基于包络原理推导出工件曲面截型线到刀具曲面的距离最短点应满足的基本方程,通过求解该方程获得最短距离线段和刀位误差,建立误差分布曲线。最后,分析了W形和V形误差分布曲线的特点,对曲面截型线离散精度的确定方法进行了研究。在此基础上,设计了计算流程,开发了计算程序,算例结果表明:所提方法与原方法相比,计算效率有了很大的提高。