Knowledge of oxygen consumption rates and asphyxiation points in fish is important to determine appropriate stocking and water quality management in aquaculture. The oxygen consumption rate and asphyxiation point in C...Knowledge of oxygen consumption rates and asphyxiation points in fish is important to determine appropriate stocking and water quality management in aquaculture. The oxygen consumption rate and asphyxiation point in Chanodichthys mongolicus were detected under laboratory conditions using an improved respirometer chamber. The results revealed that more accurate estimates can be obtained by adjusting the volume of the respirometer chamber, which may avoid system errors caused by either repeatedly adjusting fish density or selecting different equipment specifications. The oxygen consumption rate and asphyxiation point of C. mongolicus increased with increasing water temperature and decreasing fish size. Changes in the C. mongolicus oxygen consumption rate were divided into three stages at water temperatures of 11-33~C： （I） a low temperature oxygen consumption rate stage when water temperature was 11-19~C, （2） the optimum temperature oxygen consumption rate stage when water temperature was 19-23~C, and （3） a high temperature oxygen consumption rate stage when water temperature was 〉27~C. The temperature quotients （Q10） obtained suggested that C. mongolicus preferred a temperature range of 19-23~C. At 19~C, C. mongolicus exhibited higher oxygen consumption rates during the day when the maximum values were observed at 10：00 and 14：00 than at night when the minimum occurred at 02：00.展开更多
Beer fermentation is a dynamic process that must be guided along a temperature profile to obtain the desired results. Ant colony system algorithm was applied to optimize the kinetic model of this process. During a fix...Beer fermentation is a dynamic process that must be guided along a temperature profile to obtain the desired results. Ant colony system algorithm was applied to optimize the kinetic model of this process. During a fixed period of fermentation time, a series of different temperature profiles of the mixture were constructed. An optimal one was chosen at last. Optimal temperature profile maximized the final ethanol production and minimized the byproducts concentration and spoilage risk. The satisfactory results obtained did not require much computation effort.展开更多
The effluents of textile dyes are highly colored, and disposal of the wastes into receiving waters cause damage to the environment, therefore dyes removal is of great importance. In this research, removal of Orange II...The effluents of textile dyes are highly colored, and disposal of the wastes into receiving waters cause damage to the environment, therefore dyes removal is of great importance. In this research, removal of Orange II, Remazol Blue, Methyl red, Malachite green and Safranin dyes by Pseudomonas fluorescens was studied in batch system as function of temperature, pH and initial dye concentration. The rate of removal dyes was studied by using pectrophotometer. The optimum value was determined as pH 7 for all dyes tested about 87.8-72.7%, and optimum temperature for removal of all tested dyes was 30℃ about 86.6-60.8%. Higher removal of dyes observed at 25 mL for all tested dyes about 91.9-72,7%. In general, the increase in dye concentration inhibited the growth of bacteria. Pseudomonasfluorescens showed higher removal of Orange II among the dyes tested.展开更多
Land surface process modeling of high and cold area with vegetation cover has not yielded satisfactory results in previous applications. In this study, land surface energy budget is simulated using a land surface mode...Land surface process modeling of high and cold area with vegetation cover has not yielded satisfactory results in previous applications. In this study, land surface energy budget is simulated using a land surface model for the A'rou meadow in the upper-reach area of the Heihe River Basin in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. The model performance is evaluated using the in-situ observations and remotely sensed data. Sensible and soil heat fluxes are overestimated while latent heat flux is underestimated when the default parameter setting is used. By analyzing physical and physiological processes and the sensitivities of key parameters, the inappropriate default setting of optimum growth and inhibition temperatures is identified as an important reason for the bias. The average daytime temperature during the period of fastest vegetation growth(June and July) is adopted as the optimum growth temperature, and the inhibition temperatures were adjusted using the same increment as the optimum temperature based on the temperature acclimation. These adjustments significantly reduced the biases in sensible, latent, and soil heat fluxes.展开更多
基金Supported by the Central-Level Non-Profit Scientific Research Institutes Special Funds(Nos.2014A07XK04,HSY201403)the Harbin Science and Technology Project(No.2012AA6CN037)the National Key Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2012BAD25B09)
文摘Knowledge of oxygen consumption rates and asphyxiation points in fish is important to determine appropriate stocking and water quality management in aquaculture. The oxygen consumption rate and asphyxiation point in Chanodichthys mongolicus were detected under laboratory conditions using an improved respirometer chamber. The results revealed that more accurate estimates can be obtained by adjusting the volume of the respirometer chamber, which may avoid system errors caused by either repeatedly adjusting fish density or selecting different equipment specifications. The oxygen consumption rate and asphyxiation point of C. mongolicus increased with increasing water temperature and decreasing fish size. Changes in the C. mongolicus oxygen consumption rate were divided into three stages at water temperatures of 11-33~C： （I） a low temperature oxygen consumption rate stage when water temperature was 11-19~C, （2） the optimum temperature oxygen consumption rate stage when water temperature was 19-23~C, and （3） a high temperature oxygen consumption rate stage when water temperature was 〉27~C. The temperature quotients （Q10） obtained suggested that C. mongolicus preferred a temperature range of 19-23~C. At 19~C, C. mongolicus exhibited higher oxygen consumption rates during the day when the maximum values were observed at 10：00 and 14：00 than at night when the minimum occurred at 02：00.
文摘Beer fermentation is a dynamic process that must be guided along a temperature profile to obtain the desired results. Ant colony system algorithm was applied to optimize the kinetic model of this process. During a fixed period of fermentation time, a series of different temperature profiles of the mixture were constructed. An optimal one was chosen at last. Optimal temperature profile maximized the final ethanol production and minimized the byproducts concentration and spoilage risk. The satisfactory results obtained did not require much computation effort.
文摘The effluents of textile dyes are highly colored, and disposal of the wastes into receiving waters cause damage to the environment, therefore dyes removal is of great importance. In this research, removal of Orange II, Remazol Blue, Methyl red, Malachite green and Safranin dyes by Pseudomonas fluorescens was studied in batch system as function of temperature, pH and initial dye concentration. The rate of removal dyes was studied by using pectrophotometer. The optimum value was determined as pH 7 for all dyes tested about 87.8-72.7%, and optimum temperature for removal of all tested dyes was 30℃ about 86.6-60.8%. Higher removal of dyes observed at 25 mL for all tested dyes about 91.9-72,7%. In general, the increase in dye concentration inhibited the growth of bacteria. Pseudomonasfluorescens showed higher removal of Orange II among the dyes tested.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.91125002,40971221)FP7 CEOP-AEGI(Coordinated Asia European Long-Term Observing System of the Qinhai Tibet Plateau Hydro-meteorological Processes and the Asian Monsoon System with Ground Satellite Image data and numerical simulation)project
文摘Land surface process modeling of high and cold area with vegetation cover has not yielded satisfactory results in previous applications. In this study, land surface energy budget is simulated using a land surface model for the A'rou meadow in the upper-reach area of the Heihe River Basin in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. The model performance is evaluated using the in-situ observations and remotely sensed data. Sensible and soil heat fluxes are overestimated while latent heat flux is underestimated when the default parameter setting is used. By analyzing physical and physiological processes and the sensitivities of key parameters, the inappropriate default setting of optimum growth and inhibition temperatures is identified as an important reason for the bias. The average daytime temperature during the period of fastest vegetation growth(June and July) is adopted as the optimum growth temperature, and the inhibition temperatures were adjusted using the same increment as the optimum temperature based on the temperature acclimation. These adjustments significantly reduced the biases in sensible, latent, and soil heat fluxes.
