Effects of Seaweed Bio-organic Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Winter Wheat

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of seaweed bio-or- ganic fertilizer on yield and quality of winter wheat. [Method] Seaweed bio-organic fertilizer was applied to leaves of winter wheat according to the dose of 45 kg/hm^2 from jointing stage to maturing stage, and plant height, dry matter accumulation, flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of winter wheat were investigated. [Result] Foliar spraying of seaweed bio-organic fertilizer showed little effect on plant height of winter wheat, thickened stems, promoted dry matter accumulation, in- creased flag leaf photosynthetic rate by 3.16%, and increased yield of winter wheat by 6.85%. [Conclusion] Foliar spraying of seaweed bio-organic fertilizer promoted the intelligent growth, thickened the stems, improved the lodging resistance, significantly increased the panicle weight per plant, and increased the bulk density of winter wheat, as well as improving the physical quality of wheat grain. In addition, foliar spraying of seaweed bio-organic fertilizer promoted the synthesis of chlorophyll and mitigated the decomposition of chlorophyll in winter wheat. Under the background of fertilizer-pesticide double reduction, the test results and data of this study can be promoted in the wheat-growing areas of Shandong Province and even whole China.

Effect of Flooding and Air-drying on Nutrition Content of Soil in Embankment WLFZ of Chaohu Lake

Organic matter （OM）, total nitrogen （TN）, organic phosphorous （OP） and total phosphorous （TP）content of soil in northwest water-level fluctuating zone （WLFZ） of Lake Chaohu under natural and different artificial conditions were ana- lyzed to study the variation of OM, TN, OP and TP. It showed： Flooding and air- drying help to increase soil OM content in study area. Process of flooding and air- drying is conducive to soil adsorption of nitrogen and it can enhance spatial hetero- geneity of soil OM, TN, OP, process of flooding and air-drying also can reduce the difference of TP contents among different points. Riprap embankment is not con- ducive to maintaining soil organic matter under flooded conditions, emergent plants are conducive to maintaining soil organic matter under flooded conditions. Soil with high nitrogen content will release nitrogen to overlying water under flooded condi- tions. Under drying after flooding conditions, demand for phosphorus of vegetation growth will reduce TP content in soil, bare area will enrich phosphorus, when the next flood cover up a greater release of phosphorus will happen

Dynamic of Root Dry Weight of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge

ObjectiveThis study was to investigate the dynamic of root dry weight of Salvia miltiorrhiza to provide a basis for optimal management in field cultivation. MethodThe Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge seedlings were transplanted at three different dates November 26, 2009 （T 1 ）, March 9, 2010（T 2 ） and March 27, 2010（T 3 ）, and at three different densities 20 cm × 25 cm （D 1 ）, 25 cm × 25 cm （D 2 ）, 25 cm × 30 cm （D 3 ）. So a total of nine treatments were finally set. The samples were collected regularly for measuring the root dry weight and plotting the dynamic curves. Normalized root weight was fitted with CURVE EXPERT 1.3. ResultLogistic equation was the most superior equation, and estimated respectively two inflection points and length of fast growing time of S. miltiorrhiza. ConclusionThe fast-growing time of S. miltiorrhiza root was in 1 900 ℃·d to 2 200 ℃·d GDD.

刺绣彩绘 女孩们的温暖绘本

除了画笔和画布,还能用什么作画？不如尝试一下刺绣。俄罗斯插画家Ann Khokhlova用刺绣进行创作,一针一线地“画”出这些精美又充满童趣的彩绘作品。其实,十字绣见得多了,好像也没什么新鲜感可言,但是Ann Khokhlova将这些刺绣放进图书,作为图书插画和图书封面,瞬间就厉害了。她的刺绣彩绘大多色彩鲜艳,画作的形象充满了童真,不论是看上去还是摸上去都给人一种温暖的感觉,这样一来,读者在看书的时候都会特别小心翼翼吧。那些刚刚吃完零食的同学,建议你们洗手沐浴焚香更衣之后再翻这本书,ok？

Direct-acting antiviral agents against hepatitis C virus and lipid metabolism

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection induces steatosis and is accompanied by multiple metabolic alterations including hyperuricemia, reversible hypocholesterolemia and insulin resistance. Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and triglyceride levels are increased by peginterferon and ribavirin combination therapy when a sustained virologic response (SVR) is achieved in patients with HCV. Steatosis is significantly more common in patients with HCV genotype 3 but interferon-free regimens are not always effective for treating HCV genotype 3 infections. HCV infection increases fatty acid synthase levels, resulting in the accumulation of fatty acids in hepatocytes. Of note, low-density lipoprotein receptor, scavenger receptor class B type I and Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 proteins are candidate receptors that may be involved in HCV. They are also required for the uptake of cholesterol from the external environment of hepatocytes. Among HCV-infected patients with or without human immunodeficiency virus infection, changes in serum lipid profiles are observed during interferon-free treatment and after the achievement of an SVR. It is evident that HCV affects cholesterol metabolism during interferon-free regimens. Although higher SVR rates were achieved with interferon-free treatment of HCV, special attention must also be paid to unexpected adverse events based on host metabolic changes including hyperlipidemia.

Concise review: Interferon-free treatment of hepatitis C virus-associated cirrhosis and liver graft infection

Chronic hepatitis C is a major reason for development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma and a leading cause for liver transplantation. The development of direct-acting antiviral agents lead to(pegylated) interferon-alfa free antiviral therapy regimens with a remarkable increase in sustained virologic response(SVR) rates and opened therapeutic options for patients with advanced cirrhosis and liver graft recipients. This concise review gives an overview about most current prospective trials and cohort analyses for treatment of patients with liver cirrhosis and liver graft recipients. In patients with compensated cirrhosis Child-Pugh-Turcotte(CTP) class A, all approved agents are safe and SVR rates do not significantly differ from patients without cirrhosis in general. In patients with decompensated cirrhosis CTP class B or C, daclastasvir, ledipasvir, velpatasvir, and sofosbuvir are approved, and SVR rates higher than 90% can be achieved. Especially for patients with a model of end stage liver disease score higher than 15 and therefore eligible for liver transplantation, data is scarce. Reported SVR rates in patients with cirrhosis CTP class C are lower compared to patients with a less severe liver disease. In liver transplant recipients with a maximum of CTP class A, SVR rates are comparable to patients without LT. Patients with decompensated graft cirrhosis should be treated on an individual basis.

Indoor measurement method of smoke screen disturbance efficiency based on Gaussian diffusion model

Because of ground clutter wave interf e rence,it is difficult to measure smoke screen disturbance in the field.In this pape r,a kind of indoor measurement method of smoke screen disturbance efficiency ba sed on Gaussian diffusion model is put forward.As a characteristic,the measur ement result of smoke screen area density proves that the indoor measurement met hod of smoke screen disturbance efficiency based on Gaussian diffusion model is fea sible.

Infrared thin layer drying of saffron(Crocus sativus L.) stigmas:Mass transfer parameters and quality assessment

Saffron is the most precious and expensive agricultural product. A dehydration treatment is necessary to convert Crocus sativus L. stigmas into saffron spice. To the best of our knowledge, no information on mass transfer parameters of saffron stigmas is available in the literature. This study aimed at investigating the moisture transfer parameters and quality attributes of saffron stigmas under infrared treatment at different temperatures（60,70, …, 110 ℃）. It was observed that the dehydration process of the samples occurred in a short accelerating rate period at the start followed by a falling rate period. The effective moisture diffusivity and convective mass transfer coefficient were determined by using the Dincer and Dost model. The diffusivity values varied from1.1103 × 10^-10m^2·s^-1to 4.1397 × 10^-10m^2·s^-1 and mass transfer coefficient varied in the range of 2.6433 × 10^-7–8.7203 × 10^-7m·s^-1. The activation energy was obtained to be 27.86 kJ·mol^-1. The quality assessment results showed that the total crocin content increased, when the temperature increased up to90 ℃ but, in higher temperatures, the amount of crocin decreased slightly. The total safranal content of the samples decreased slightly when drying temperature increased from 60 ℃ to 70 ℃ and then continuously increased up to 110 ℃. Also, the amount of picrocrocin increased from 83.1 to 93.3 as the drying temperature increased from 60 ℃ to 100 ℃.

Effective wave identification and interference analysis of the seismic reflection method in mines

Through discussion of the time-distance curve characteristics of the direct waveand from the front,side and rear of the reflection waves of the seismic reflection methodfor advanced exploration in mines,and analysis of several major interference waves inmines,the differences in time-distance curve,frequency,apparent velocity between theeffective wave and interference wave in the seismic reflection method for advanced explorationare obtained.According to the differences,the effective wave is extracted andthe interference wave is filtered and the system's precision and accuracy is improved.

Hepatitis C virus NS5A region mutation in chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 patients who are non-responders to two or more treatments and its relationship with response to a new treatment

To determine the number of mutations in the NS5A region of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and its relationship to the response to antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C genotype 1 who are non-responders to two or more treatments. METHODSSequences within HCV NS5A [PKR binding domain (PKRBD) and the interferon-sensitivity-determining region (ISDR)] were analysed via direct sequencing in a selected cohort of 72 patients, with a total of 201 treatments [interferon-alpha (IFN-α), n = 49; IFN-α + ribavirin (RBV), n = 75; pegylated (peg) IFN-α + RBV, n = 47; first-generation direct-acting antivirals (DAAs), n = 13; and second-generation DAAs, n = 17]. Of these, 48/201 achieved a sustained virological response (SVR) and 153/201 achieved no virological response (NVR). RESULTSFor both regions, treatments resulting in SVR were associated with more baseline mutations than were treatments resulting in NVR (SVR vs NVR; PKRBD: 5.82 ± 3 vs 4.86 ± 2 mutations, P = 0.045; ISDR: 2.65 ± 2 vs 1.51 ± 1.7 mutations, P = 0.005). A decrease or no change in the number of mutations over time between treatments in the PKRBD or ISDR, as shown by sequencing, was associated with patients who usually failed to respond to treatment (PKRBD, P = 0.02; ISDR, P = 0.001). Moreover, patients showing a post-treatment baseline viral load > 600000 IU/mL and increased ISDR mutations with respect to the previous treatment were 9.21 times more likely to achieve SVR (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONThe obtained results show that among patients who have shown no response to two or more antiviral treatments, the likelihood of achieving SVR increases with the genetic variability in the ISDR region (≥ 2 mutations or number of substitutions from the HCV-J and HCV-1 prototype), especially when the viral load is greater than 600000 IU/mL.

Adaptive fault-tolerant control of heavy lift launch vehicle via differential algebraic observer

A novel adaptive fault-tolerant control scheme in the differential algebraic framework was proposed for attitude control of a heavy lift launch vehicle （HLLV）. By using purely mathematical transformations, the decoupled input-output representations of HLLV were derived, rendering three decoupled second-order systems, i.e., pitch, yaw and roll channels. Based on a new type of numerical differentiator, a differential algebraic observer （DAO） was proposed for estimating the system states and the generalized disturbances, including various disturbances and additive fault torques. Driven by DAOs, three improved proportional-integral- differential （PID） controllers with disturbance compensation were designed for pitch, yaw and roll control. All signals in the closed-loop system were guaranteed to be ultimately uniformly bounded by utilization of Lyapunov＇s indirect method. The convincing numerical simulations indicate that the proposed control scheme is successful in achieving high performance in the presence of parametric perturbations, external disturbances, noisy corruptions, and actuator faults.

Seismic noise attenuation using nonstationary polynomial fitting

We propose a novel method for seismic noise attenuation by applying nonstationary polynomial fitting （NPF）, which can estimate coherent components with amplitude variation along the event. The NPF with time-varying coefficients can adaptively estimate the coherent components. The smoothness of the polynomial coefficients is controlled by shaping regularization. The signal is coherent along the offset axis in a common midpoint （CMP） gather after normal moveout （NMO）. We use NPF to estimate the effective signal and thereby to attenuate the random noise. For radial events-like noise such as ground roll, we first employ a radial trace （RT） transform to transform the data to the time-velocity domain. Then the NPF is used to estimate coherent noise in the RT domain. Finally, the coherent noise is adaptively subtracted from the noisy dataset. The proposed method can effectively estimate coherent noise with amplitude variations along the event and there is no need to propose that noise amplitude is constant. Results of synthetic and field data examples show that, compared with conventional methods such as stationary polynomial fitting and low cut filters, the proposed method can effectively suppress seismic noise and preserve the signals.

Determination of Organic Acids in Root Exudates byHigh Performance Liquid Chromatography: III. Effectsof Interfering Factors

A solution culture experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of collection time and interferingions on separation and determination of low-molecular-weight organic acids in root exudates of soybeanusing the method for directly collecting root exudates. The suitable collection time of root exudates andthe interfering ions affecting organic acid determination were determined. The method for removing theinterfering ions was established and analyzed. The release amount of root exudates increased with theincrease of collection time from 0 to 120 min but decreased with increasing of collection time from 120 to 240min. The maximum exuding amounts of organic acids were observed in root exudates at the collection time of120 min. There was a significant difference of organic acid components between the treatments of collectiontime of 120 min and 240 min. Citric acid was found only in the treatment of 120 min collection time. NO3-was the main interfering ion in organic acid determination and had the same retention time as oxalic acid.Anion exchangs resin (SAX) properly treated by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) solventcould remove NO3- anion in sample solution of root exudates, thus enhancing the recoveries of organic acidsin root exudates. There was no significant effect of the chemicals added into sample solution such as H3PO4,SAX and KNO3 on the retention time of organic acids.

Experimental and FEM Study of Coated and Uncoated Tools Used for Dry Milling of Compacted Graphite Cast Iron

Compacted graphite cast iron （CG1） has been the material for high-power diesel engines recently, but its increased strength causes poor machinability. In this study, coated and uncoated carbide tools were used in dry milling experiment and FEM simulation to study the machinability of CGI and wear behaviour of tools. The experimental and FEM simulation results show that coated tool has great advantage in dry milling of CGI. SEM and EDS analysis of tool wear indicate the wear morphology and wear mechanism. Adhesive wear is the main mechanism to cause un- coated tool wear, while abrasive wear and delamination wear are the main mechanism to cause coated tool wear. Stress and temperature distribution in FEM simulation help to understand the wear mechanism including the reason for coat- ing peeled off.

SEDIMENTARY ORGANIC MATTER'S CLASSIFICATION OF OIL-GAS SOURCE ROCKS IN CHINA

According to the study on the oil-gas source rocks in China for ten years,in connection with the microscopic, submicroscopic levels, the authors used the microscope photometry together with transmission electronic microscopy, scanning electronic microscopy and proposed a new classification for sedimentary organic matters.

Evaluation of Dry Matter, Organic Matter and Energy Content of Tamarind Seed Affected by Soaking and Fermentation

The hard seed husk and the presence of tannin anti-nutrient in tamarind seeds are an obstacle to its use as animal feed. Soaking as a pretreatment and fermentation can lower the limitations, The aim of this study was to evaluate of dry matter, organic matter and energy content of tamarind seeds using processing method of soaking and fermentation using palm juice. Tamarind seeds were collected then sorted using floating test. The sorted seeds then soaked in water, drained, mixed with palm juice then fermented. The study used a randomized complete design with a 3~3 factorial patem and 3 replications. First factor was length of soaking （W0 = 0 days, W1 = 2 days, and W2 = 4 days）, second factor was level of palm juice （L0 = 0% of palm juice, L1 = 20% of palm juice, and L2 = 40% of palm juice）, and third factor was length of fermentation （F0 = 0 hours, F1 = 36 hours, F2 = 72 hours, and F3 = 108 hours）. Parameters observed were dry matter, organic matter, and energy content. The results showed that there was interaction between soaking time, palm juice level, and fermentation time to dry matter, organic matter, and whole tamarind seed as well as best combination for treatment with 2 days soaking time, 20% palm juice level and fermentation time 72 hours. It is recommended to perform the digestibility test to be applied to pigs.

Determination of interference fit value on entire roller embedded shapemeter roll

For entire roller embedded shapemeter roll, the relationship between the value of interference fit and the sensor pre-pressure, and the pressure transfer performance of shapemeter roll were analyzed by elasticity theory during the cold reversible rolling process. Considering the influence of strip temperature on the interference fit, the distributions of contact pressure of the framework's top surface and the sensor pre-pressure on different values of interference fit were analyzed by the finite element technology. The results show that the contact pressure of the framework's top surface and the sensor pre-pressure increase with the increase of the value of interference fit. When the value of interference fit is between 0.05 mm and 0.09 mm, roll body's inner hole surface, the framework and pressure magnetic sensitive component don't separate from each other, and the sensor works in the linear segment of characteristic curve, so the normal operation of shapemeter roll is guaranteed.