Value is the internal driving force for any corporate to obtain profits. The key issue of making profit lies on whether the corporate can truly appreciate the needs and combination of stakeholders＇ value, and establi...Value is the internal driving force for any corporate to obtain profits. The key issue of making profit lies on whether the corporate can truly appreciate the needs and combination of stakeholders＇ value, and establish a successful management of value exchange system. This paper starts with the theories of the employee and customer value measurement and management, followed by the value exchange system of employee-customer-organization. Therefore, it explains the status and role of employee-customer-organization in terms of value exchange. This work concludes that customers＇ satisfaction is determined by employees＇ satisfaction, and on that basis, customers would provide the promoted value to the organization.展开更多
Public companies issue periodic annual reports to give information about the past financial and operational results while presenting the future strategies. Companies release non-financial information concerned with co...Public companies issue periodic annual reports to give information about the past financial and operational results while presenting the future strategies. Companies release non-financial information concerned with corporate sustainability issues like market share, customer loyalty, supply chain management, corporate governance, and human resources in annual reports as well as the audited financial reports. Annual reports, one of the important instruments of transparency and disclosure, are widely used by shareholders and stakeholders. Recent laws and regulations in the US, European Union, and Turkey require enhanced disclosures in annual reports. In the first part of this study, a comparative regulatory framework for annual reports will be established under the Sarbanes Oxley Act （SOX）, the Securities and Exchange Commission （SEC） filing requirements, the New Turkish Commercial Code, and regulations of Capital Markets Board （CMB） of Turkey. In the second part of this study, annual reports of four sample companies listed in the New York Stock Exchange （NYSE） and Corporate Governance Index of Borsa Istanbul will be discussed in the light of disclosure requirements of Form 20-F. Findings of this study support the hypothesis which states that regulatory environment has a positive impact on the quantity and quality of disclosures. Attention is drawn to the need for global standardization to reduce the reporting variances and the need for independent audit of annual reports to increase the reliability.展开更多
Empresa Portuguesa das Aguas Livres （EPAL） is a capital intensive company, in which the operational infra-structure assets represent the basis of customer service whilst being a great consumer of capital. In this co...Empresa Portuguesa das Aguas Livres （EPAL） is a capital intensive company, in which the operational infra-structure assets represent the basis of customer service whilst being a great consumer of capital. In this context, the asset management function plays a key role in optimizing the return on infrastructure usage, and at the same time guaranteeing adequate levels of service. With a view to an effective and efficient management of investments to be made in a rational and sustained way under technical-scientific criteria, implementing a systematic inspection program was considered as the best approach strategy. The main purpose of the inspection program is to obtain, in a systematic, coherent and comparable way, relevant information to support decision making, in particular for supporting intervention priorities and identification along with asset maintenance requirements, whether preventive or curative. This methodology is revealed as a key tool in the management of risk of failure associated with the management and operation of EPAL＇s building infrastructure.展开更多
文摘Value is the internal driving force for any corporate to obtain profits. The key issue of making profit lies on whether the corporate can truly appreciate the needs and combination of stakeholders＇ value, and establish a successful management of value exchange system. This paper starts with the theories of the employee and customer value measurement and management, followed by the value exchange system of employee-customer-organization. Therefore, it explains the status and role of employee-customer-organization in terms of value exchange. This work concludes that customers＇ satisfaction is determined by employees＇ satisfaction, and on that basis, customers would provide the promoted value to the organization.
文摘Public companies issue periodic annual reports to give information about the past financial and operational results while presenting the future strategies. Companies release non-financial information concerned with corporate sustainability issues like market share, customer loyalty, supply chain management, corporate governance, and human resources in annual reports as well as the audited financial reports. Annual reports, one of the important instruments of transparency and disclosure, are widely used by shareholders and stakeholders. Recent laws and regulations in the US, European Union, and Turkey require enhanced disclosures in annual reports. In the first part of this study, a comparative regulatory framework for annual reports will be established under the Sarbanes Oxley Act （SOX）, the Securities and Exchange Commission （SEC） filing requirements, the New Turkish Commercial Code, and regulations of Capital Markets Board （CMB） of Turkey. In the second part of this study, annual reports of four sample companies listed in the New York Stock Exchange （NYSE） and Corporate Governance Index of Borsa Istanbul will be discussed in the light of disclosure requirements of Form 20-F. Findings of this study support the hypothesis which states that regulatory environment has a positive impact on the quantity and quality of disclosures. Attention is drawn to the need for global standardization to reduce the reporting variances and the need for independent audit of annual reports to increase the reliability.
文摘Empresa Portuguesa das Aguas Livres （EPAL） is a capital intensive company, in which the operational infra-structure assets represent the basis of customer service whilst being a great consumer of capital. In this context, the asset management function plays a key role in optimizing the return on infrastructure usage, and at the same time guaranteeing adequate levels of service. With a view to an effective and efficient management of investments to be made in a rational and sustained way under technical-scientific criteria, implementing a systematic inspection program was considered as the best approach strategy. The main purpose of the inspection program is to obtain, in a systematic, coherent and comparable way, relevant information to support decision making, in particular for supporting intervention priorities and identification along with asset maintenance requirements, whether preventive or curative. This methodology is revealed as a key tool in the management of risk of failure associated with the management and operation of EPAL＇s building infrastructure.
