机舱有效利用度的评价(英文)

机舱的综合评价是一项非常复杂的工作 ,要涉及到机舱的可靠性及安全性评价、机舱功能评价、排放物评价、机舱有效利用度评价、维修经济性评价航行维修度评价、航行维修度评价、机舱造价评价、消耗能源评价 .文中运用模糊数学对机舱有效利用度评价进行了研究 .

Zinc （Zn2＋） Bioavailability of NPKCaMg-Fertilization induced Rhizosphere Soils of Triticale （x Triticosecale W.）

The primary objective to these study was to test NPKCaMg-fertilization induced ＂Zn（2＋）＂ bioavailability in triticale rhizosphere soils. Soil and plant samples were taken from experimental sites randomly, and were analysed in laboratory to plant available Zn^2＋） content. Zinc ＂Zn（2＋）＂ concentrations showed a large variability to interactions with soil＇s pH values. It ranged from 0.4 and 1.36 mg kg1. Soil＇s ＂Zn（2＋）＂ contents had been significantly lower than International Soil Limit （ISL） value （70 mg kgl）, consequently. Plant available ＂Zn（2＋）＂ contents from triticale rhizosphere soils in Leaf＋Straw ranged from 10.1 to 38.4 mg kgl, and in Seed from 26.9 to 52.0 mg kg1. ＂Zn（2＋）＂s Actual Translocation Index （ATI） from rhizosphere soils to Leaf＋Straw had as average 23.6, and to grain 43. 1. ＂Zn（2＋）＂ Leaf＋Straw bioacummulation （g hal） had as average 13.4, Grain 23.2, and total （Leaf＋Straw＋Grain） 36.6. ＂Zn（2＋）＂translocation from soils to Leaf＋Straw was 37% lower than to Grain. Ultimately, within the range of experimental conditions tested these results are present that ＂Zn（2＋）＂ tends to accumulate to triticale organs to create the conditions for toxicity effects in Food Chane.

Variation of Phosphorus Bioavailability in the Re-suspended Sediments

The variation of phosphorus （P） bioavailability in terms of water soluble P （WSP ）, readily desorbable P （RDP）, algal available P （AAP）, and NaHCo3 extracting P （Olsen-P） in the re-suspended sediments was investigated in laboratory experiments, in which the waters and sediments were taken from campus canal. The results indicate that sediment re-suspension can promote the migration, of soluble reactive P （SRP） from overlying water to sediments. The contents of AAP and Olsen-P in re-suspended sediments reduced obviously, whereas the values of the sediments in the control increased slightly, compared with the initial state, indicating that the P bioavailability in the sediments could be rcduced evidently due to sediment re-suspension. The content and characteristics of iron-bound P （BD-P） significantly affect the formation of AAP. The formation of OlservP has close relationship with the contents of BD-P, almninium-botmd P （AI-P）, and organic P （NaOH-nrP）.

Effective Utilization of Concrete Sludge as Soil Improvement Materials

The amount of muddy soil generated from various kinds of construction sites is always problematic. It is very difficult to treat muddy soil because of its low strength and high water content. But, the reuse of muddy soil is necessary to reduce the total amount of industrial wastes. Surplus concrete is also in a similar situation. Coarse and fine aggregates are removed from surplus concrete as an intermediate treatment, however, concrete sludge still remains. The authors propose a reuse method that involves the muddy soil being mixed with concrete sludge as an improvement material. The possibility of the utilization of concrete sludge was investigated through laboratory experiments. As a result, it was found that the unconfined compressive strength of the improved soil mixed with concrete sludge increased as the curing proceeded.

镶嵌的装饰家具

在“欧意苑”展厅里,你会发现司空见惯的木板摇身一变,不仅登上了墙壁,而且还可以随着设计要求自如调节:或是将电视内置其中成为一面装饰墙,或是通过外挂隔板演变为一个书架,让本来呆板的墙壁因此变成充满活力和动感的空间主角。

On-line topical importance estimation:an effective focused crawling algorithm combining link and content analysis

Focused crawling is an important technique for topical resource discovery on the Web.The key issue in focused crawling is to prioritize uncrawled uniform resource locators(URLs) in the frontier to focus the crawling on relevant pages.Traditional focused crawlers mainly rely on content analysis.Link-based techniques are not effectively exploited despite their usefulness.In this paper,we propose a new frontier prioritizing algorithm,namely the on-line topical importance estimation(OTIE) algorithm.OTIE combines link-and content-based analysis to evaluate the priority of an uncrawled URL in the frontier.We performed real crawling experiments over 30 topics selected from the Open Directory Project(ODP) and compared harvest rate and target recall of the four crawling algorithms:breadth-first,link-context-prediction,on-line page importance computation(OPIC) and our OTIE.Experimental results showed that OTIE significantly outperforms the other three algorithms on the average target recall while maintaining an acceptable harvest rate.Moreover,OTIE is much faster than the traditional focused crawling algorithm.

Pollutant and Soil Types Influence Effectiveness of Soil-Applied Absorbents in Reducing Rice Plant Uptake of Persistent Organic Pollutants

Persistent organic pollutants （POPs） in soils are an environmental concern due to their long-term bioavailability, which could be reduced by adding adsorbents. However, testing of these adsorbents is necessary prior to widespread field application. The effects of three adsorbents, nano-organic montmorillonite, nano-organic silicon dioxide （SiOs）, and activated carbon, on hexachlorobenzene （HCB） and pentachlorobenzene （PeCB） accumulation in rice （Oryza sativa L.） plants were tested in a greenhouse experiment using two soils, a Hydragric Acrisol （Ac） and a Gleyi-Stagnic Anthrosol （An）. The bioconcentration factors （BCFs） of HCB and PeCB to rice roots were 2.3-3.7 and 2.0 3.0 times those to rice shoots, respectively. The applications of the three adsorbents decreased HCB and PeCB extractability in Ac, while only the application of activated carbon decreased their extractability in An. The bioavailability of HCB and PeCB to rice plants in Ac was higher than that in An. In Ac, the applications of nano-organic SiOs and activated carbon decreased the BCF of HCB to rice roots by 16.1% and 26.8%, respectively, whereas only the application of activated carbon decreased the BCF of PeCB to rice roots by 31.4%, compared to the control. In An, only the application of activated carbon decreased the BCFs of HCB and PeCB to rice roots by 22.9% and 18.2%, respectively, compared to the control. However, the application of nano-organic montmorillonite inhibited rice growth in both soils. The results of this study suggested that the effectiveness of adsorbents would vary with pollutant and soil types, providing a reference point for developing efficient adsorbents to reduce the ecological risk of POPs.

Assessment of Methods for Determining Bioavailability of Trace Elements in Soils: A Review

Trace element-contaminated soils(TECSs) are one of the consequences of the past industrial development worldwide. Excessive exposure to trace elements(TEs) represents a permanent threat to ecosystems and humans worldwide owing to the capacity of metal(loid)s to cross the cell membranes of living organisms and of human epithelia, and their interference with cell metabolism.Quantification of TE bioavailability in soils is complicated due to the polyphasic and reactive nature of soil constituents. To unravel critical factors controlling soil TE bioavailability and to quantify the ecological toxicity of TECSs, TEs are pivotal for evaluating excessive exposure or deficiencies and controlling the ecological risks. While current knowledge on TE bioavailability and related cumulative consequences is growing, the lack of an integrated use of this concept still hinders its utilization for a more holistic view of ecosystem vulnerability and risks for human health. Bioavailability is not generally included in models for decision making in the appraisal of TECS remediation options. In this review we describe the methods for determining the TE bioavailability and technological developments, gaps in current knowledge, and research needed to better understand how TE bioavailability can be controlled by sustainable TECS management altering key chemical properties, which would allow policy decisions for environmental protection and risk management.

Phosphorus Use Efficiency of Bio-Based Fertilizers:Bioavailability and Fractionation

Although to date some technologies producing bio-based phosphorus(P) fertilizers have been proposed and implemented, the efficient use of the recovered products is still limited due to legislative constraints and lack of insights in the P release with time and in the corresponding mechanisms. The aim of this work was to evaluate the fertilizer performance in terms of P release and use efficiency of recovered struvite, FePO_4-sludge, digestate, and animal manure as compared to fossil reserve-based mineral triple superphosphate(TSP). First, product physicochemical characteristics and P fractions in the context of European fertilizer legislation were assessed. Next, a controlled greenhouse experiment was set up to evaluate plant reactions as well as changes of P availability in a sandy soil with high P status and a Rheinsand soil with low P status. Soil P fractions were determined in the extracts with water, ammonium lactate and CaCl_2, and in soil solution sampled with Rhizon soil moisture samplers. Based on all results, it is worth conducting long-term field trials to evaluate the P release effect of struvite and digestate as compared to animal manure and TSP on different soil types with varying P status. These products showed promise as sustainable substitutes for conventional P fertilizers and could contribute to a more efficient use of P in agriculture. A refined classification of P application standards/recommendations in terms of soil P status, soil texture, and fertilizer characteristics, next to the crop P demand, is recommended. Moreover, the additional use of Rhizon samplers for determination of direct available P, including dissolved organic P, is proposed for better understanding and categorization of different P fertilizers in environmental and fertilizer legislations.