我国公民有效参与公共政策制定的制度创新

公民参与是公共政策制定过程中不可或缺的重要环节,是确保社会价值公平分配的重要途径。公民通过不同的参与途径表达自己的利益诉求,参与和影响公共政策的制定。本文主要探析了我国现阶段公共政策制定过程中公民参与的价值和影响,公民参与的各种途径及存在的问题,实现有效公民参与所需的条件,从而进一步阐述其制度创新。

含参数集值向量优化问题超有效点集的连通性

研究了含参数集值向量优化问题超有效点集的连通性.首先,在Hausdorff局部凸的拓扑线性空间中,给出了含参数的超有效点集的概念.然后,在参数扰动且含参数的目标集值映射为锥弧连通的条件下,讨论了含参数的超有效点集的连通性.最后,给出了含参数集值向量优化问题超有效点集的连通性定理.

参白药效部位纳米混悬剂的剂型工艺优化及其升白作用的研究

目的优化参白方有效部位纳米混悬剂的制备工艺,并开展纳米混悬剂的表征和升高白细胞的药效研究。方法以参白方总多糖和总皂苷混合物为药物原料,在单因素考察的基础上,通过高压均质法,以稳定剂用量、均质压力、均质次数为影响因素,开展参白有效部位纳米混悬剂剂型工艺的正交优化和沉降稳定的观察,对制得的纳米混悬剂进行表征和升高白细胞的药效试验。结果参白有效部位纳米混悬剂最优剂型工艺为:药物与大豆卵磷脂质量比为1∶1.75,均质压力700 bar,均质次数14次。测得纳米混悬剂的粒径为(277.3±2.17)nm,PDI为(0.185±0.018),Zeta电位为(-32.50±0.86)mV。给药7 d后,与模型组比较,给药7 d后纳米混悬剂高剂量组白细胞水平显著升高,给药15 d各剂量组白细胞水平显著升高(P<0.05)。结论参白有效部位纳米混悬剂的剂型优化工艺合理、可行,制剂粒径符合纳米要求,分散均匀且稳定,具有较好的升白作用,为有效部位组成的中药纳米混悬剂的新药研究提供有益的启示。

高维线性模型的稀疏半参有效估计

高维线性回归估计是一个被大量学者研究的重要统计学问题.在误差分布未知的情况下,如何将有效性纳入高维估计仍是一个尚未解决且具有挑战性的问题.最小二乘估计在非Gauss误差密度下会损失估计的效率,而极大似然估计由于误差密度未知,无法直接被应用.基于惩罚估计方程,本文提出一种新的稀疏半参有效估计方法应用于高维线性回归的估计.本文证明了在误差密度未知的超高维回归下,新的估计渐近地与具有神谕性的极大似然估计一样有效,因此对于非Gauss误差密度,它比传统的惩罚最小二乘估计更有效.此外,本文证明了几种常用的高维回归估计是本文方法的特例.模拟和实际数据的结果验证了本文所提出方法的有效性.

Computation of elastic properties of 3D digital cores from the Longmaxi shale

The dependence of elastic moduli of shales on the mineralogy and microstructure of shales is important for the prediction of sweet spots and shale gas production. Based on 3D digital images of the microstructure of Longmaxi black shale samples using X-ray CT, we built detailed 3D digital images of cores with porosity properties and mineral contents. Next, we used finite-element （FE） methods to derive the elastic properties of the samples. The FE method can accurately model the shale mineralogy. Particular attention is paid to the derived elastic properties and their dependence on porosity and kerogen. The elastic moduli generally decrease with increasing porosity and kerogen, and there is a critical porosity （0.75） and kerogen content （ca. ≤3%） over which the elastic moduli decrease rapidly and slowly, respectively. The derived elastic moduli of gas- and oil-saturated digital cores differ little probably because of the low porosity （4.5%） of the Longmaxi black shale. Clearly, the numerical experiments demonstrated the feasibility of combining microstructure images of shale samples with elastic moduli calculations to predict shale properties.

High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Nine Major Constituents in Roots of Salvia

A method of gradient-elution HPLC with UV detection was developed for theanalysis of nine major constituents of Salvia species, a commonly used TCM herb, namely danshensu,protocatechuic acid, protocatechualdehyde, salviano-lic acid B, methyltanshinone, dihydrotanshinone,cryptotanshinone, tanshinoneⅠand tanshinoneⅡ_A. In the present study, a Shimadzu CLC-ODS column(150 mm x 6 mm, 5 μm) was utilized and 0.5% formic acid (A) and acetonitrile (B) were used forgradient elution at a total flow rate of 0.8 mL· min^(-1). All calibration curves showed goodlinear regression ( r > 0.999) within test ranges. Extraction was conducted by refluxing methanol(10 mL) with dried herb (0.5 g) for 1.0 h.The assay was simple, convenient and reproducible. Theproposed method was successfully applied to the determination of nine major constituents in thirteenSalvia. species and the results showed that the contents of Salvia components vary in differentspecies and origin. Tanshinone was hardly detected in S. yunnanensis and S. prionitis, thereforethey are not suitable for clinical use as Danshen.

Dynamic of Root Dry Weight of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge

ObjectiveThis study was to investigate the dynamic of root dry weight of Salvia miltiorrhiza to provide a basis for optimal management in field cultivation. MethodThe Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge seedlings were transplanted at three different dates November 26, 2009 （T 1 ）, March 9, 2010（T 2 ） and March 27, 2010（T 3 ）, and at three different densities 20 cm × 25 cm （D 1 ）, 25 cm × 25 cm （D 2 ）, 25 cm × 30 cm （D 3 ）. So a total of nine treatments were finally set. The samples were collected regularly for measuring the root dry weight and plotting the dynamic curves. Normalized root weight was fitted with CURVE EXPERT 1.3. ResultLogistic equation was the most superior equation, and estimated respectively two inflection points and length of fast growing time of S. miltiorrhiza. ConclusionThe fast-growing time of S. miltiorrhiza root was in 1 900 ℃·d to 2 200 ℃·d GDD.

Study on the wave extreme parameters of the Bohai Sea with the numerical simulation using SWAN

Wave fields in Bohai Sea from 1985 to 2004 were simulated using SWAN wave model by inputting high-resolution hindcast wind fields dataset. Comparisons of wave heights between simulation and observation show good agreement in general. According to the annual extreme values of simulation, this paper gives wave extreme parameters with different return-period for all computation grids in Bohai sea.

基于分子对接和网络药理学探讨参附注射液有效活性成分治疗心力衰竭的作用研究

目的 利用网络药理学和分子对接技术探讨参附注射液活性成分对心力衰竭(heart failure, HF)的治疗作用,并分析其可能的分子机制,为今后实验研究提供一定的理论参考。方法 检索中药系统药理学数据库和分析平台(TCMSP)并筛选参附注射液有效活性成分潜在的作用靶点。利用GeneCards、OMIM、PharmGkb、TTD和DrugBank等数据库检索疾病相对应的靶点。将筛选所得中药靶点和疾病靶点取交集得到中药—疾病共同靶点及韦恩图。利用Cytoscape软件构建中药成分-疾病靶点调控网络图。运用STRING在线数据库构建中药—疾病共同靶点的蛋白互作网络关系图,使用CytoNCA作图对核心目标基因进行筛选。根据基因连接度选取靠前的核心基因,同时查找基因对应的药物分子,利用Autodock vina软件进行分子对接。最后将中药—疾病共同靶点进行GO富集功能分析和KEGG信号通路富集分析,富集得到有效的基因和信号通路。结果 从TCMSP数据库筛选获得参附注射液治疗HF的有效活性成分43个和中药—疾病共同作用靶点97个。关键靶点包括CASP3、JUN、AKT1、MAPK8、PTGS2、AHR、TNF、IL1B和RELA。GO功能富集分析显示参附注射液的分子功能主要与核受体的活动、配体激活、转录因子的活动、G蛋白偶联受体活性、药物结合、多肽结合、G蛋白偶联、神经递质受体活性、突触后神经递质受体活性、类固醇激素受体活性和酰胺结合等相关。KEGG显示主要作用途径包括脂质和动脉粥样硬化、血流剪切应力和动脉粥样硬化、TNF信号通路、糖尿病并发症中AGE-RAGE(晚期糖基化终产物及其核受体)信号通路和C型凝集素受体信号通路等。蛋白互作网络分析和分子对接结果显示,参附注射液有效活性成分山柰酚、β-谷甾醇和人参皂苷Rh2脂质体(Rh2-L)与CASP3、JUN、AKT1、MAPK8、PTGS2、AHR、TNF、IL1B和RELA具有良好的亲和力;由此推断这些基因和信号通路可能发挥关键性的作用。结论 参附注射液中的有效活性成分可通过多靶点、多基因、多信号通路影响HF的发生发展。为后续实验研究提供线索和导向。

含参数集值向量优化问题强有效点集的连通性

在Hausdorff局部凸的拓扑线性空间中,给出了含参数的强有效点集的概念.研究了在含参数的目标集值映射为锥弧连通的,可行域为弧连通紧的,参数是扰动的情况下含参数的强有效点集的连通性.在适当的条件下,得到了含参数集值向量优化问题强有效点集的连通性定理.

Prediction of rotary drilling penetration rate in iron ore oxides using rock engineering system

Prediction of the drilling penetration rate is one of the important parameters in mining operations. This parameter has a direct impact on the mine planning and cost of mining operations, Generally, effective parameters on the penetration rate is divided into two classes： rock mass properties and specifications of the machine, The chemical components of intact rock have a direct effect in determining rock mechan- ical properties, Theses parameters usually have not been investigated in any research on the rock drill- ability, In this study, physical and mechanical properties of iron ore were studied based on the amount of magnetite percent, According to the results of the tests, the effective parameters on the pen- etration rate of the rotary drilling machines were divided into three classes： specifications of the machi- nes, rock mass properties and chemical component of intact rock, Then, the rock drillahility was studied using rock engineering systems, The results showed that feed, rotation, rock mass index and iron oxide percent have important effect on penetration rate, Then a quadratic equation with 0,896 determination coefficient has been obtained, Also, the results showed that chemical components can he described as new parameters in rotary drill penetration rate,

Effects of Different Extract of Pseudostellaria Heterophylla on Immunological Function in Mice based on Meta-analysis and Network Meta-analysis

To evaluate the effects of different extract of Pseudostellaria heterophylla on immunological function in mice based on Meta-analysis and Network meta-analysis,the article retrieved domestic and foreign databases according to the"PICO"retrieval strategy,and used Stata and ADDIS software for Meta analysis.A total of 6 reports,10 randomised controlled trials(RCTs)were eventually involved.Meta analysis results showed that:compared with the control group,the experimental group of polysaccharide,saponin and crude extract were better than that of the control(P<0.05),which significantly improved the immunological function in mice.Network meta-analysis results showed that the saponin had the best effect on the increase of phagocytic index and the differences were statistically significant[MD=1.50,95%CI(0.71,2.28),P<0.05];The polysaccharide and saponin had better effect on the increase of spleen index than the control and crude extract,and the differences were statistically significant[MD=0.77,95%CI(0.27,1.31),P<0.05],[MD=0.71,95%CI(0.01,1.50),P<0.05];the polysaccharide had the best effect on the increase of thymus index and the differences were statistically significant[MD=0.70,95%CI(0.11,1.34),P<0.05].The rank probability showed that the saponin of Pseudostellaria heterophylla had the maximum probability to increase phagocytic index of mice;the probability for the components of Pseudostellaria heterophylla increasing spleen index of mice was in the order of crude extract>polysaccharide>saponin;the probability for the components of Pseudostellaria heterophylla increasing thymus index of mice was in the order of saponin>polysaccharide>crude extract.Based on the available evidence,the extract of Pseudostellaria heterophylla could improve the immunity of mice,and the clinical effect of polysaccharide and saponin was the best,which provided a more valuable scientific reference for evidencing that the polysaccharide and saponin of Pseudostellaria heterophylla was the effective components for improving immunological function,and also was conducive to the proper further development of Pseudostellaria heterophylla resources.

PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE SELECTION AND THEIR APPLICATION WANG Bo

Successful selection principles and their application in China are discussed. In addition, the selection process of two Chinese Joint Ventures is reviewed. The paper emphasizes the importance of conducting structured job relevant, behaviour or situation based interviews, with pre determined guideline answers and examples provided. The research showing the increased predictive validity of using this type of interview format is presented. The types of outcomes sought by Canadian employers and the attributes employees or agents should possess are provided. It is argued that these should serve as the basis for creating the interview format. The use of testing and reference checks is also discussed.

A FUZZY CLOPE ALGORITHM AND ITS OPTIMAL PARAMETER CHOICE

Among the available clustering algorithms in data mining, the CLOPE algorithm attracts much more attention with its high speed and good performance. However, the proper choice of some parameters in the CLOPE algorithm directly affects the validity of the clustering results, which is still an open issue. For this purpose, this paper proposes a fuzzy CLOPE algorithm, and presents a method for the optimal parameter choice by defining a modified partition fuzzy degree as a clustering validity function. The experimental results with real data set illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy CLOPE algorithm and optimal parameter choice method based on the modified partition fuzzy degree.

Creativity in ArchitecturemA Review on Effective Parameters Correlated with Creativity in Architectural Design

Human civilization can be ameliorated by human creativity. Innovation and progress of human civilization result from a change in our thinking patterns, thus, potentially transforming the present into a creative future. Accentuating the role of creativity in design even more than other disciplines pushes one to underpin the understanding of creativity as a key role player in architecture. Furthermore, by identifying the basic principles of our ingenuity/creativity, researchers might be able to enhance this ability in the future. A key point in ＂creativity＂ is the role of previously gained experiences, which cause expanding the inventory of experiences. According to accepted def＇mition in different disciplines, creativity is no more than new combinations of previous ideas. The paper explores different effectual parameters correlated with creativity in architectural design including notion of conceptual blending, improbabilist and impossibilist creativity, tolerance of ambiguity and its correlation with creativity and creativity aided tools and interfaces. At the end, we suggest necessary experiments to obtain empirical results for some speculations that are discussed in the paper. Also, practical approaches will be suggested to apply the results in pedagogy of architecture.

Cranny density parameters and porosity measured by elastic wave method in quasi-isotropic cranny rock masses

According to the characteristic of elastic waves propagation in medium and the application of elastic waves method in rock mass engineering, the cranny mass with random crannies was regarded as quasi-isotropic cranny mass. In accordance with the rock rupture mechanics, principle of energy balance and Castiglano＇s theorem, the relationship of effective dynamic parameters of elasticity （E, v, G） and cranny density parameters or porosity was put forward. On this basis, through the theory of elastic waves propagation in isotropic medium, the relationship between the elastic wave velocity and cranny density parameters and porosity was set up. The theoretical research results show that, in this kind of cranny rock masses, there is nonlinear relationships between the effective dynamic parameters of elasticity and wave velocities and the cranny density parameter or porosity; and with the increase of cranny density parameter or porosity of cranny rock masses, the effective dynamic modulus and the elastic wave velocities of cranny rock masses will decrease; and at the same time, when the cranny density parameter or porosity is very small, the effective dynamic modulus of elasticity and the elastic wave velocities change with the cranny density parameter, which can explain the sensitivity of effective elastic parameters and elastic wave velocities to cranny rock masses.

A new model to estimate significant wave heights with ERS-1/2 scatterometer data

A new model is proposed to estimate the significant wave heights with ERS-1/2 scatterometer data. The results show that the relationship between wave parameters and radar backscattering cross section is similar to that between wind and the radar backscattering cross section. Therefore, the relationship between significant wave height and the radar backscattering cross section is established with a neural network algorithm, which is, if the average wave period is ≤7s, the root mean square of significant wave height retrieved from ERS-1/2 data is 0.51 m, or 0.72 m if it is >7s otherwise.

Spin Cut-off Parameter of Nuclear Level Density and Effective Moment of Inertia

The spin cut-off parameter of the nuclear level density and effective moment of inertia for a large number of nuclei have been determined from analysis of the experimental data on S-wave neutron resonances and spins of lowlying levels. Contrary to claims made before, it is shown the spin cut-off parameter differs considerably from their corresponding rigid body values, and the energy dependence of the effective moment of inertia confirms the interacting fermion model prediction.

Brightness Temperature Model of Sea Foam Layer at L-band

Permittivity of a sea foam layer is very important in investigating ocean brightness temperature model. At microwave frequency, the Rayleigh method is developed to estimate the effective permittivity of the sea foam layer. To simplify the tedious calculation of sea foam effective permittivity at L band （1.4GHz）, Pade＇ approximation is adopted to fit the sea foam effective permittivity computed by the Rayleigh method. With this fitting formula, a new brightness temperature model of sea foam layer defined by certain geophysical parameters, such as air volume fraction （AVF）, sea surface temperature （SST）, sea surface salinity （SSS） and thickness of foam layer d, is given. Furthermore, the sensitivities of the brightness temperature model to SST, SSS, d and AVF of a sea foam layer at L band are discussed. The sensitivities are ranked from most to least in the order： （1） d; （2） AVF; （3） SSS; （4） SST. This result indicates that the measurement errors old and AVF have significant impacts on the retrievals of SSS and SST. With the experimental brightness temperature data, the SSS and AFV are retrieved by cost function.

Effects of working parameters on gasoline engine exergy balance

To improve the energy utilization efficiency of internal combustion （IC） engine, exergy analysis was conducted on a passenger car gasoline engine. According to the thermodynamic theory of IC engine, in-cylinder exergy balance model was built. The working processes of gasoline engine were simulated by using the GT-power. In this way, the required parameters were calculated and then gasoline engine exergy balance was obtained by programming on computer. On this basis, the influences of various parameters on exergy balance were analyzed. Results show that, the proportions of various forms of exergy in gasoline engine from high to low are irreversible loss, effective work, exhaust gas exergy and heat transfer exergy. Effective exergy proportion fluctuates with cylinder volumetric efficiency at full load, while it always increases with break mean effective pressure （BMEP） at part load. Exhaust gas exergy proportion is more sensitive to speed, and it increases with speed increasing except at the highest speed. The lower proportion of heat transfer exergy appears at high speed and high load. Irreversible loss is mainly influenced by load. At part load, higher BMEP results in lower proportion of irreversible loss; at full load, the proportion of irreversible loss changes little except at the highest speed.