黑土、黑钙土锌肥的有效施用及其与玉米产量的关系

通过田间试验 ,研究了松嫩平原黑土和黑钙土锌肥的有效施用条件与玉米产量的关系。结果表明 :在 pH >7 2、石灰含量 >3 9%、砂粒含量 >40 %、代换量 <15cmol/kg、有机质含量 <2 0g/kg及土壤有效锌含量低于缺锌临界值 0 8mg/kg的土壤条件下 ,施用锌肥具有明显的增产效果。在高磷情况下会降低土壤锌的有效性 ,易加重玉米缺锌。玉米品种试验表明 :“吉单 10 1”、“四单 8”等玉米品种对缺锌最为敏感 ,施锌效果显著。

28年来宁波市郊水稻土钾素变化及钾肥有效施用

2008年对宁波市郊水稻土的供钾能力进行测定和评价。结果表明,28年来宁波平原水稻土速效钾含量有所降低,从1980年第2次土壤普查时的108.1 mg.kg-1,下降到98.2 mg.kg-1,下降了9.2%;如果按水稻速效钾临界值为80 mg.kg-1来计算,则2008年有39.6%的点(畈)速效钾含量不足。探讨近28年来宁波市郊土壤速效钾下降的原因,并提出有效施用钾肥的意见。

叶面追肥的有效施用条件

叶面追肥就是将肥料直接喷洒在植物的叶面,通过叶面吸收养分的一种施肥方式。这种施肥方式有其非常明确的优势,如:节省肥料、养分吸收运转快、可直接供应养分等。但它不能取代根部施肥,而且施用时是有一定条件的。

西兰花台绿5号减肥增效的应用研究

为了筛选本地区西兰花减肥增效施肥方案,开展不同西兰花缓释肥和腐殖酸复合微生物肥料试验。以台绿5号晚熟西兰花品种为材料,对其植株主要农艺性状、产量、氮肥偏生产力和产出投入比进行研究。试验结果表明,T1西兰花缓释肥(N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O质量分数分别为24%、12%、12%,简称24-12-12,下同),T2西兰花缓释肥(25-11-9),T3西兰花配方肥(18-10-15),都可以减少肥料施用量和提高西兰花产量,对比T7常规对照平衡肥(16-16-16),减肥率为21.35%~23.67%,西兰花每667 m^(2)增产3.91%~12.13%;每667 m^(2)配施腐殖酸复合微生物肥料50 kg并部分替代缓释肥、配方肥,T4西兰花缓释肥(24-12-12)配施腐殖酸复合微生物肥料,T5西兰花缓释肥(25-11-9)配施腐殖酸复合微生物肥料,T6西兰花配方肥(18-10-15)配施腐殖酸复合微生物肥料,化肥施用量可以进一步减少,西兰花产量得到进一步提高,对比T7常规对照平衡肥(16-16-16),减肥率为36.30%~38.62%,西兰花每667 m^(2)增产6.69%~14.18%。从产出投入比来分析,比较推荐T2,有效氮磷钾施用总量减少22.24%,西兰花每667 m^(2)增产12.13%,产出投入比为5.33;从有效氮磷钾施用总量减少率和每667 m^(2)增产率来分析,比较推荐T5,有效氮磷钾施用总量减少37.69%,西兰花每667 m^(2)实收产值增加14.18%,产出投入比为4.97。

Characters of Bio-organic Fertilizer and Trails on Its Effect When Applied to Peach

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of bio-organic fertilizer and its effect when applied to peach.[Method] Through launching demonstration trial on the application of bio-organic fertilizer in the major fruit producing areas in Liaoning Province,the effects of bio-organic fertilizer on peach growth and soil were investigated.[Results] After application of bio-organic fertilizer,both the peach yield and fruit quality were improved to some extent,of which yields was increased by 16.4％ compared with the control,and vitamin C and total sugar contents were also significantly increased; application of bio-organic fertilizer also improved the contents of total nitrogen,rapidly available phosphorus,available potassium and organic matter in soil,and reduced the soil volume weight.[Conclusion] Bioorganic fertilizer can significantly improve fruit yield and quality,as well as improving orchard soil and protecting the environment,thus possessing a bright application prospect in the production of green fruits.

有机肥在绿色食品生产中的应用分析

绿色食品是指无污染、安全、优质、营养类的食品,使用有机肥是现代农业生产必不可少的,越来越多的植物对肥料的依赖更加明显,而合理施用有机肥也是生产绿色产品的重要部分,本文主要就有机肥在绿色产品生产中的应用进行分析,并且对有机肥合理使用提出几点建议。

Effect of Organic Manure Application on Physical Properties and Humus Characteristics of Paddy Soil

Long-term field experiment was established in 1978 on a coastal paddy soil to determine the effect of applicationof pig manure, rice straw and chemical N fertilizer on the physical property and humus characteristics of soil . Resultsshowed that the porosity, the microstructural coefficient, the reactivities of organic C and N, the ΔlogK value, thedegree of oxidation stability, the contents of O-alkyl C and alkyl C, and the ratio of aliphatic C to aromatic C ofhumic acid from soils received organic manure increased, whereas, the ratio of < 10 μm to >10 μm ofmicroaggregates, the humification degree of humus, the degree of organo-mineral complexation, the number-averagemolecular weight, the C/ H ratio. the contents of carboxyl and aromatic C of HAs in them decreased. These resultsindicated that the application of organic manure not only improved the physical property of the paddy soil but alsomade the HA more aliphatic in structure and younger in origin.

Zinc （Zn2＋） Bioavailability of NPKCaMg-Fertilization induced Rhizosphere Soils of Triticale （x Triticosecale W.）

The primary objective to these study was to test NPKCaMg-fertilization induced ＂Zn（2＋）＂ bioavailability in triticale rhizosphere soils. Soil and plant samples were taken from experimental sites randomly, and were analysed in laboratory to plant available Zn^2＋） content. Zinc ＂Zn（2＋）＂ concentrations showed a large variability to interactions with soil＇s pH values. It ranged from 0.4 and 1.36 mg kg1. Soil＇s ＂Zn（2＋）＂ contents had been significantly lower than International Soil Limit （ISL） value （70 mg kgl）, consequently. Plant available ＂Zn（2＋）＂ contents from triticale rhizosphere soils in Leaf＋Straw ranged from 10.1 to 38.4 mg kgl, and in Seed from 26.9 to 52.0 mg kg1. ＂Zn（2＋）＂s Actual Translocation Index （ATI） from rhizosphere soils to Leaf＋Straw had as average 23.6, and to grain 43. 1. ＂Zn（2＋）＂ Leaf＋Straw bioacummulation （g hal） had as average 13.4, Grain 23.2, and total （Leaf＋Straw＋Grain） 36.6. ＂Zn（2＋）＂translocation from soils to Leaf＋Straw was 37% lower than to Grain. Ultimately, within the range of experimental conditions tested these results are present that ＂Zn（2＋）＂ tends to accumulate to triticale organs to create the conditions for toxicity effects in Food Chane.