有效应力对岩石弹性波速的影响

在围压和孔隙压力作用下,对饱和癸烷砂岩弹性波速随有效应力的变化进行了测试,分析了有效应力对岩石波速影响的基本规律,确定了描述波速随有效应力变化数学模型的基本形式,利用Han和Freund的测试数据,进行了有效应力对波速影响的多元非线性回归分析,得出了干燥和饱和水砂岩的波速模型.对波速随有效应力增大的机理、回归参数的物理意义以及岩石波速应力敏感性的影响因素进行了分析,并讨论了回归模型在孔隙度、孔隙压力、地应力和微裂隙反演中的应用.

一般多普勒效应的综合统一分析

在物理学教材中分别给出了声波和光波的多普勒效应公式,但两者表达式不同.一些文献分析了两者间的联系,但没有真正地将两者统一起来;另一些文献虽作了统一分析,但均在特殊洛伦兹变换下讨论问题,所得结果又不具有一般性.本文在不区分声波与光波的情况下,基于波动传播的共同本质,综合运用多种方法导出一般多普勒效应的表达式,系统地论证两者的统一性.通过分析得到了一般多普勒效应的3个等价表达式,而教材中声波与光波的多普勒效应公式乃是其不同情况下的特例.

含非完好界面粒子增强复合材料对弹性波的散射

采用波函数展开的方法研究了非完好界面条件下圆球形夹杂对弹性波的散射。以非完好界面的弹簧模型为基础,通过适当选取弹簧常数,研究了法向和切向界面参数对纵波和横波不同的散射效果。考虑了单个圆球夹杂的散射和颗粒增强复合材料中弹性波的多重散射,研究了复合材料中的有效波速和动态有效弹性常数。并针对金属基颗粒增强复合材料SiC-Al进行了数值计算,讨论了法向和切向弹簧常数对散射截面、有效波速和动态有效弹性常数的不同影响。

Effective loading algorithm associated with explicit dynamic relaxation method for simulating static problems

Based on the fact that a static problem has an equivalent wave speed of infinity and a dynamic problem has a wave speed of finite value, an effective loading algorithm associated with the explicit dynamic relaxation method was presented to produce meaningful numerical solutions for static problems. The central part of the explicit dynamic relaxation method is to turn a time-independent static problem into an artificial time-dependent dynamic problem. The related numerical testing results demonstrate that: (1) the proposed effective loading algorithm is capable of enabling an applied load in a static problem to be propagated throughout the whole system within a given loading increment, so that the time-independent solution of the static problem can be obtained; (2) the proposed effective loading algorithm can be straightforwardly applied to the particle simulation method for solving a wide range of static problems.

Cranny density parameters and porosity measured by elastic wave method in quasi-isotropic cranny rock masses

According to the characteristic of elastic waves propagation in medium and the application of elastic waves method in rock mass engineering, the cranny mass with random crannies was regarded as quasi-isotropic cranny mass. In accordance with the rock rupture mechanics, principle of energy balance and Castiglano＇s theorem, the relationship of effective dynamic parameters of elasticity （E, v, G） and cranny density parameters or porosity was put forward. On this basis, through the theory of elastic waves propagation in isotropic medium, the relationship between the elastic wave velocity and cranny density parameters and porosity was set up. The theoretical research results show that, in this kind of cranny rock masses, there is nonlinear relationships between the effective dynamic parameters of elasticity and wave velocities and the cranny density parameter or porosity; and with the increase of cranny density parameter or porosity of cranny rock masses, the effective dynamic modulus and the elastic wave velocities of cranny rock masses will decrease; and at the same time, when the cranny density parameter or porosity is very small, the effective dynamic modulus of elasticity and the elastic wave velocities change with the cranny density parameter, which can explain the sensitivity of effective elastic parameters and elastic wave velocities to cranny rock masses.

Trends in Significant Wave Height and Surface Wind Speed in the China Seas Between 1988 and 2011

Wind and waves are key components of the climate system as they drive air-sea interactions and influence weather systems and atmospheric circulation. In marine environments, understanding surface wind and wave fields and their evolution over time is important for conducting safe and efficient human activities, such as navigation and engineering. This study considers long-term trends in the sea surface wind speed(WS) and significant wave height(SWH) in the China Seas over the period 1988–2011 using the Cross-Calibrated Multi-Platform(CCMP) ocean surface wind product and a 24-year hindcast wave dataset obtained from the WAVEWATCH-III(WW3) wave model forced with CCMP winds. The long-term trends in WS and SWH in the China Seas are analyzed over the past 24 years to provide a reference point from which to assess future climate change and offshore wind and wave energy resource development in the region. Results demonstrate that over the period 1988–2011 in the China Seas: 1) WS and SWH showed a significant increasing trend of 3.38 cm s^(-1)yr^(-1) and 1.52 cm yr^(-1), respectively; 2) there were notable regional differences in the long-term trends of WS and SWH; 3) areas with strong increasing trends were located mainly in the middle of the Tsushima Strait, the northern and southern areas of the Taiwan Strait, and in nearshore regions of the northern South China Sea; and 4) the long-term trend in WS was closely associated with El Ni?o and a significant increase in the occurrence of gale force winds in the region.

Joint elastic-electrical properties of sediments in the Yellow Sea

We measured in the laboratory compressional wave velocity and electrical resistivity on 434 sediment samples collected from the Yellow Sea to study the joint elastic-electrical properties of marine sediments. Porosity was found to reduce both elastic velocity and electrical resistivity of the marine sediments in a non-linear fashion; velocity showed an approximate linear increase with increasing logarithm of resistivity. Various effective medium models either implemented or developed were compared with the new dataset. The model results showed that the combined self-consistent approximation and differential effective medium model using critical porosity of 0.6 and 0.5 for velocity and resistivity respectively gave a reasonable description of the joint elastic-electrical behaviors of the marine sediments. The joint elastic-electrical properties of the marine sediments established would be used to estimate resistivity from measured velocity and vice versa, and could also be suitable for detection of gas hydrate or other suitable targets from joint seismic-resistivity surveys.