百菌清原药中副产有机杂质含量分析方法

建立了百菌清原药中间苯二甲腈、五氯苯甲腈、四氯对苯二甲腈等副产有机杂质含量的气相色谱分析方法,在确定的色谱下,对百菌清原药中这三种杂质同时进行色谱分离和测定,采用内标法定量。结果表明,各杂质在不同含量水平下,相对标准偏差(RSD)在1.2%~4.9%之间,加标回收率在98.3%~103.1%之间。方法具有良好的灵敏度和选择性,精密度、准确度高,适用于百菌清原药中间苯二甲腈、五氯苯甲腈、四氯对苯二甲腈的准确测定。

扬子地区古生代主要烃源岩有机质富集的环境动力学机制与差异

在扬子地块古生界发育了3套区域性的优质烃源岩,即:下寒武统、上奥陶统—下志留统、二叠系(中、上二叠统)。下寒武统烃源岩主要由硅质岩(留茶坡组)和上部的硅质泥岩、碳质泥岩(或石煤)(牛蹄塘组)组成。早寒武世在台—盆转换带(或台地边缘)广泛发育的海底热液活动,喷流出大量的富硅流体,使大量硅岩得以在台缘外侧——盆地区沉淀;同时,热液活动会释放出大量富H_2S、CO_2和金属元素的缺氧流体到海洋和大气中,使大气CO_2浓度和海平面大幅上升,深部富营养海水随上升洋流被携带至浅海,使生物产率增加、海洋缺氧进一步恶化,促使大量有机质得以埋藏和保存。上奥陶统—下志留统烃源岩主要由五峰组和龙马溪组黑色页岩夹硅质页岩组成,形成于奥陶纪—志留纪转折期的高海平面期,气候温暖;扬子与华夏陆块的加速拼接使得东南侧陆域扩大,在扬子地块内部形成了隆—凹相间的陆表海环境(或陆棚),水体循环受阻,从而强化了海水分层;而温暖的气候条件使化学风化作用增强,陆源营养输入量增加,并引起生物产率增加,但过量的陆源物质输入会造成有机质的稀释。这些因素造成了该时期有机质的富集和保存。中二叠统烃源岩主要发育于栖霞组(特别是下部),形成于碳酸盐台地内部凹陷(或盆地)。有机质的丰度随着地层旋回性变化而相应变化,所以海平面波动所诱导的生物产率变化是造成有机质富集的最主要控制因素,而不同级次海平面上升(海侵)叠加期是最有利的有机质富集期。上二叠统烃源岩主要赋存于大隆组(或相当地层),也形成于碳酸盐台内凹陷(或盆地)。此期有机质的富集与极度缺氧(甚至硫化)海水有关。

论产学研合作教育及其对大学生素质形成的影响

论产学研合作教育及其对大学生素质形成的影响金诚潘传富徐以力张开银窦奕虹易诗凤产学研合作教育是教育与生产劳动相结合这个古老命题的新发展，是教育实践发展到一定阶段的产物。有关教育与生产劳动相结合的理论渊源和实践历史以及前景展望已有专文论述。［１］这里需要...

传统食品源乳酸菌对酸面团面包风味的影响

乳酸菌在酸面团制作中扮演着重要角色,对其风味等品质有显著影响。不同种类的乳酸菌在性能上存在差异,为了选育特色酸面团用乳酸菌发酵剂,开发差异化酸面团面包,本研究对来自不同种类传统发酵食品中的乳酸菌,进行糖代谢能力、产有机酸能力及风味特征评估,并验证其对酸面团和面包风味的影响。结果显示,有6株乳酸菌具有较强的糖代谢能力和产酸性能,风味特征优良。其产生的挥发性风味物质主要包括醇类、酯类、酮类、醛类、酸类和其他类化合物。其中有2株植物乳杆菌可为酸面团面包贡献酸味、果味和酒酿味等特殊风味。这些筛选出的菌株为开发具有特征性香气成分的酸面团发酵剂提供了资源,具有工业应用潜力。

Effects of Full-Element Bio-Organic Fertilizer on Growth,Yield,and Rhizosphere Soil Nutrients of Pepper

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of self-developed full-element bio-organic fertilizer on the growth,yield,and rhizosphere soil nutrients of pepper.Four treatments were designed,including full-element bio-organic fertilizer+conventional fertilizer reduced by 50%(T1),inactivated full-element bio-organic fertilizer+conventional fertilizer reduced by 50%(T2),conventional fertilizer(T3),and no fertilizer(CK).The results showed that T1 significantly increased the plant height,crown width,fruit number per plant,and yield of pepper.T1 had higher pH value,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium in the rhizosphere soil than T3 and CK,and it had higher available phosphorus and available potassium than T2.The disease index of bacterial wilt in T1 was 21.74,which was 10.37,20.19,and 35.48 lower than T2,T3,and CK,respectively.The control effect of T1 reached 56.71%.The above results indicated that whole bio-organic fertilizer promoted the growth to improve the yield and benefit of pepper.Moreover,the fertilizer activated soil nutrients to improve soil fertility and reduced soil-borne diseases.Therefore,the full-element bio-organic fertilizer can be promoted in the pepper fields with continuous cropping obstacles.

Effects of Applying Organic Fertilizer on Rice Lodging Resistance and Yield

[Objective]The aim was to provide a scientific basis for the reasonable application of organic fertilizer to improve lodging resistance and yield of rice.[Method]The application of four different kinds of organic fertilizer was applied to study their effects on rice lodging resistance and yield of late rice Yuzhengxiang that with high quality.[Result] The effect of applying organic fertilizer for improving rice lodging resistance capability was:biogas residues> chicken manure > rapeseed cake> tobac...

MCM-41分子筛在线提质生物油工艺优化及耐久性分析

采用MCM-41分子筛作为催化剂,在线催化提质生物质真空热解蒸气,考察催化温度、催化床层高度和体系压力对有机相产物产率的影响,采用响应面法优化工艺参数;对油菜秸秆生物油有机相进行理化特性和成分分析,并对催化剂进行耐久性分析。结果表明:精制生物油有机相产率随催化温度和催化床层高度呈先增大后减小趋势,随体系压力增大而减小;当催化温度为502℃、催化床层高度为2.7 cm、体系压力为7 k Pa时,有机相产率为15.84%,精制生物油有机相热值达31.08 MJ/kg;经催化提质后,生物油有机相中脂肪烃类和醇类物质含量明显增加,同时芳香类和羰基类物质含量降低。在对MCM-41使用耐久性的研究中发现,当MCM-41使用约100 min后,生物油理化特性指数急剧下降,表明生物油品质变差;同时,催化剂失重率明显升高,表明催化剂上沉积的焦炭逐渐增多,催化活性降低,直至完全失活。

Effect of Flating Photobioreactor Light-path on the Growth and Organic Matter Accumulation of Isochrysis galbana Parke

[Objective] The paper aims to provide references to cultivate I.galbana in a large scale and explore its medical value.[Method] I.galbana had been cultivated in different light-path flat plate bioreactors,and the growth condition and content of organic matter within cells of I.galbana had been analyzed.[Result] Growth rate and volumetric productivity of I.galbana cells increased as light-path of flat plate bioreactors decreased,however,daily areal output rate rose with the increasing of light path.The smaller the light path of flat plate bioreactors was,the more content of total lipids,protein and polysaccharide it had in I.galbana cells.[Conclusion] It is an effective way to improve production efficiently and reduce the cost by selecting the suitable bioreactors.

Effects of Seaweed Bio-organic Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Winter Wheat

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effects of seaweed bio-or- ganic fertilizer on yield and quality of winter wheat. [Method] Seaweed bio-organic fertilizer was applied to leaves of winter wheat according to the dose of 45 kg/hm^2 from jointing stage to maturing stage, and plant height, dry matter accumulation, flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield of winter wheat were investigated. [Result] Foliar spraying of seaweed bio-organic fertilizer showed little effect on plant height of winter wheat, thickened stems, promoted dry matter accumulation, in- creased flag leaf photosynthetic rate by 3.16%, and increased yield of winter wheat by 6.85%. [Conclusion] Foliar spraying of seaweed bio-organic fertilizer promoted the intelligent growth, thickened the stems, improved the lodging resistance, significantly increased the panicle weight per plant, and increased the bulk density of winter wheat, as well as improving the physical quality of wheat grain. In addition, foliar spraying of seaweed bio-organic fertilizer promoted the synthesis of chlorophyll and mitigated the decomposition of chlorophyll in winter wheat. Under the background of fertilizer-pesticide double reduction, the test results and data of this study can be promoted in the wheat-growing areas of Shandong Province and even whole China.

Construction of Characteristic Marketing System of Organic Agricultural Products——A Case of Caijia wa Base

At present, food safety and agricultural pollution arouse public attention. Developing organic agriculture, therefore, is a feasible approach to solve related problems. Caijia wa is a base of organic agricultural products of Miyun County in Beijing. Based on the experience of farm management of Taiwan, Caijiawa＇s char- acteristics were explored. Customer requests were collected and analyzed to find growth space of new market. To establish marketing system for Caijia wa Base, three questions should be settled at the very begining. The questions are as fol- lows： Who are the customers to be confronted with？ What＇s kind of product or service can we provide？ What are the causes that customers willing to pay a prod- uct at higher price？ On basis of experience in Taiwan and local characters, the marketing system in Caijia wa Base can be concluded, including segmentation of market, diversification of marketing channel, close contact with clients and flexibility of price system. The pattern of omni-directional, muti-level and wide-ranging cooper- ation has been improved continuously. Finally, marketing system could integrate with social responsibility and sustainable development. Some measures about the marketing system have been proposed, which are believed applicable to other bases of organic agriculture.

铜系催化剂对市政污泥热解特性的影响

利用催化热解技术提取污泥中的有机质,考察了热解温度、热解时间以及金属盐催化剂和CuO/剩余污泥复合催化剂对有机质产率的影响,同时对污泥热解产物的成分进行检测。结果表明,3种铜盐及CuO/剩余污泥复合催化剂均能使污泥热解温度降低,4种催化剂的催化作用大小依次为:CuO/剩余污泥复合催化剂>CuCO3>Cu(NO3)2>CuCl2。CuO/剩余污泥复合催化剂质量分数为2%时,产油率为27.72%。CuO/剩余污泥复合催化剂扫描电镜图和XPS测定结果显示污泥灰份表面不光滑,其形貌呈不规则孔道结构,表面载有不规则的CuO,偶有团聚现象,而且颗粒与颗粒之间存在不规则的空隙,该形貌结构特点为热解过程提供了有效的传质空间,有效增加了催化剂活性。

污泥基活性炭负载金属催化剂对市政污泥低温热解特性的研究

以城市污水处理厂剩余污泥为原料,制备了3种污泥基活性炭负载金属催化剂,在相同热解条件下,研究了其对产物特性的影响。利用剩余污泥热重分析(TGA)和油品分析(GC/MS)探讨了热解过程的反应机理,结果表明,热解主要发生在100~550℃之间,添加催化剂后产油率均有所提高,其中当催化剂SC-Cu的添加量为2%时,产油率由无催化剂时的20.36%提高到30.08%。此外,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和氮气吸附脱附对3种负载型催化剂进行表征,结果表明,污泥表面不光滑,其形貌呈不规则孔道结构,有利于小颗粒粒子负载于其表面,两者相互作用为热解过程提供了有效的传质空间,有效增加了催化剂活性。

Effect of Different Organic Fertilizers on Chinese Chives(Allium tuberosum) Growth and Yield

[Objeclive] This study was conducted to select suitable organic fertilizer for Chinese chives, so as to improve yield and benefit of Chinese chives. [Method] Pot experiments were carried out to investigate effects of 3 organic fertilizers peanut cake fertilizer, chicken manure and mushroom residue on growth and yield of Chi- nese Chives. [Result] The 3 organic fertilizer treatments had better effects on plant height, stem diameter and leaf width than the CK. Treatment 1 showed the best effect on growth and development of Chinese chives, treatment 2 exhibited the sec- ond best effect, and treatment 3 showed the poorest effect. Treatment 1 showed the highest yield and economic benefit, of 65.514 t/hm^2 and 175.556×10^4 Yuardhm2, respectively, treatment 2 showed the second highest effects, and treatment 3 showed the lowest yield and economic benefit. [Conclusion] Selecting peanut cake fertilizer for production of Chinese chives could significantly improve yield and eco- nomic benefit of Chinese chives.

Effect of Different Fertilization Practices on Yield of a Wheat-Maize Rotation and Soil Fertility

A 15-year field experiment was carried out in Henan Province, China, to study the effects of different fertilization practices on yield of a wheat-maize rotation. Fertilizers tested contained N alone (N), N plus P (NP) or plus P and K (NPK), all with or without manure (M). Different long-term fertilization practices affected the yields under the rotation system of wheat and maize differently and the effects on yields was in a general trend of MNPK＞MNP＞MN＞NPK＞NP＞M＞N＞the control. The average contribution rate of soil fertility to the highest yield was 37.9%, and the rest 62.1% came from fertilizer applications. The yield effects of the chemical fertilizers were in the order of N＞P＞K and were increased by application of manure.Balanced fertilization with multielement chemical fertilizers and manure can be effective in maintaining growth in agricultural production. Combined application of chemical fertilizer and organic manure also increased the content of soil organic matter.

市政府办公厅关于印发南京市农贸市场提档升级工作实施意见的通知

二○一三年一月三十一日宁政办发[2013]11号各区县人民政府,市府各委办局,市各直属单位:经市政府同意,现将《南京市农贸市场提档升级工作实施意见》印发给你们,请认真贯彻执行。

Quantification and Remediation of Soil Chemical Degradation in Tropical Australia,China and Thailand

Soil and land degradation in the tropics can be identified and described interms of physical, chemical, and biological changes from its pristine state brought about by naturaland anthropogenic influences. A characteristic of these ecosystems is their capacity to recyclenutrients through soil organic matter (SOM). Following disturbance through changed land management,SOM is rapidly mineralized and there is a corresponding decline in fertility and the variable chargecomponent of the cation exchange capacity. As these ecosystems are strongly dependent on SOM fortheir functionality, changed land use can have irreversible impacts on the productivity of thesesystems. The paper focuses on quantifying chemical degradation through 'benchmarking' using datafrom paired sites in tropical China and Thailand using surface charge fingerprinting. Using valuestaken from the fingerprint of an undisturbed soil, an index of chemical degradation from 'ideality'was calculated. Various management strategies that attempt to reverse degradative trends or improvepoor quality soils in their natural condition are discussed, such as the addition of natural claysand silicated materials. Results are present to show the effect of each of the aforementionedstrategies on surface charge characteristics and associated increases in plant productivity.

Effects of Different Organic Residues on Rice Yield and Soil Quality

Calcaric regosols are a valuable land resource, distributed widely across western China. Soil quality has deteriorated considerably in recent years owing to the blind pursuit of economic benefits. A 2-year field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of using spent mushroom compost, leguminous plant (Vicia sepium L.) compost, and a combination of the two (at a 1:1 and 2:1 ratio), on rice yield and soil quality in a suburb of China. Vicia sepium L. composted with spent mushroom compost at a 1:1 ratio produced the highest grain and stover yield, grain and stover phosphorus concentration, and phosphorus uptake of rice; they were 56.5%, 93.2%, 89.3%, 198.6% and 22.2% greater than control soil, respectively. The 2:1 ratio (Vicia sepium L.: spent mushroom compost) produced the highest grain N concentration, stover N concentration, and N uptake; they were 31.6%, 31.4%, and 40.7% higher than control, respectively. Soil physical, chemical, and environmental properties were improved with the application of Vicia sepium L. composted with spent mushroom compost at a 2:1 ratio. In particular, soil water-stable aggregates, organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, total nitrogen, available potassium, and cation exchange capacity increased, whereas bulk density, pH, and phytoavailable heavy metals decreased. This organic treatment is beneficial to improve soil quality indicators, and contribute to soil restoration.

Immobilization of metal-organic molecular cage on g-C3N4 semiconductor for enhancement of photocatalytic H2 generation

A new compound based on immobilizing of Pd6(RuL3)8(BF4)28 (L=2-(pyridin-3-yl)-1H-imidazo [4,5-f][1,10]-phenanthroline) cage (MOC-16) on g-C3N4 was synthesized. Infrared spectrum and powder X-ray diffraction were used to characterize structure of hybrid MOC-16/g-C3N4, as well as UV-vis absorption spectrum and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were carried out to unveil photocatalytic mechanism. With the introduction of MOC-16, the absorption edge of MOC-16/g-C3N4 in UV-vis spectrum extended apparently to long-wavelength region compared with pristine g-C3N4. H2 evolution yielded with MOC-16/g-C3N4 in aqueous solution containing TEOA was much higher than that with RuL3/g-C3N4, Pd/RuL3/g-C3N4 and mixture of MOC-16 and g-C3N4, showing that the octahedral cage structure with high-efficient electron transfer and the interface interaction between MOC-16 and g-C3N4 were significant for improvement of H2 evolution.

Organic Agriculture： Socioeconomic Sustainability of Brazilian Coffee

Worldwide, there is a growing demand for products made by technologies that contribute to environmental preservation and to sustainable rural development. In Brazil, organic farming is one of the most established initiatives in this area. Therefore, it is important to subsidize the decision-making regarding policies for organic coffee production. Thereby, this study analyzed the socio-economic sustainability of this production system in relation to conventional. We applied a semi-structured questionnaire on coffee farms in the Brazilian coffee producers states and analyzed the coffee production cost structure. We identified the reasons that led the producers to organic management, implications of certification on the management, and prices received by organic coffee and the market mechanism. Results showed that there is no standard for organic coffee production and marketing in Brazil. Among the producers, there are different levels of access to technical information and the main limitation of the organic coffee chain is not the technology of production, but the difficulty of coffee marketing. Another important limitation, for medium and large farms, is the cost of manpower, mainly in areas dominated by mountain, where machines operations are not viable. Moreover, the yield of organic coffee system is generally lower than the conventional. Furthermore, soil and climatic differences lead to different regional behavior. Finally, we could conclude that the production of organic coffee can be sustainable in Brazil mainly in two structural conditions： 1） family farmers; and 2） small producers, who employ only one or two workers, preferably only in the harvest time.