有机土基质栽培对生姜产量及氮磷钾利用效率的影响

为提高生姜有机土基质栽培的肥料利用效率,设土壤栽培不施肥(CK1)和常规土壤栽培(CK2)两个对照,研究了有机土基质栽培不施肥(T1)、有机土基质栽培与土壤栽培等量施肥(T2)、有机土基质栽培与按目标产量需肥量施肥(T3)对生姜生长及氮磷钾吸收利用特性的影响。结果表明,生姜植株生长量以T2、T3较高,T1较低,CK2居中,T1的生物产量、经济产量分别比CK2降低27.63%、23.01%,而T2、T3则分别比CK2提高17.46%、15.36%和11.05%、13.04%;T2的生物产量显著高于T3,但经济产量则与T3无显著差异。生姜对氮(N)、磷(P2O5)、钾(K2O)利用率以T3较高,分别达35.11%、22.81%和46.25%,较CK2分别高7.31个百分点、3.65个百分点和14.98个百分点;T3的氮、钾利用率也显著高于T2,但二者对磷的利用率无显著差异。生姜肥料农学效率及偏生产力均以T3较高,分别达14.46kg·kg-1和45.34kg·kg-1,而T2和CK2仅分别为10.26、30.86kg·kg-1和11.25、26.75kg·kg-1。表明生姜有机土基质栽培适量施用速效化肥有利于提高肥效和生产能力。

有机土基质栽培方式影响温室黄瓜产量品质的研究

研究了有机土基质限根与非限根栽培方式对黄瓜生长、生理特性和产量形成的影响。结果表明:有膜隔离的限根有机土基质栽培比非限根有机土和普通土壤栽培的黄瓜生长率明显提高,表现为黄瓜的株高、茎粗、叶片数、干重、鲜重均有增加。有膜有机土壤基质限根栽培提高了黄瓜叶片的叶绿素a、叶绿素(a+b)的含量;有机土基质栽培较普通土壤显著提高了黄瓜的根系活力;采用两种有机土基质栽培均可显著提高黄瓜的抗病能力,促使黄瓜提早成熟,增加黄瓜产量并提高黄瓜品质。

有机土基质在大白菜育苗中的作用研究

以草炭蛭石和大田土为对照育苗基质,研究了有机土对大白菜幼苗营养生长、可溶性糖含量、叶绿素含量、净光合速率和气孔导度等指标的影响。结果表明,选用有机土育苗,综合各项测定指标,其幼苗素质与草炭蛭石育苗相当,均表现为植株生长健壮,干物质、可溶性糖和叶绿素含量高;净光合速率高,气孔导度大,适宜于大白菜育壮苗,而大田土育苗效果及相关指标均较差。草炭蛭石作为育苗基质,虽然理化性质好,但基质成本高且资源有限是影响其应用于育苗的主要因素。因此,从经济效益和可持续发展的角度考虑,可以将有机土代替草炭蛭石用作大白菜育苗的低成本基质。

不同种植年限有机土基质的变化及其对温室黄瓜生长的影响

研究了不同种植年限有机土基质的理化性质变化及其对黄瓜生长的影响.结果表明:随着种植年限的增加,有机土栽培基质的理化性质变差,表现为容重增大、总孔隙度减小、土壤酸碱度降低、有效养分含量下降;有机土微生物区系中细菌、放线菌数量下降,真菌数量增多.随有机土种植年限的增加,黄瓜的生长受到一定影响,表现为株高、叶面积减小,光合功能衰退,黄瓜产量和品质下降,有必要对连续种植3年的有机土基质进行地力恢复.

不同有机土栽培基质对大棚黄瓜生长和产量的影响

为了促进我国蔬菜产量良好发展,研究不同有机土栽培基质对大棚黄瓜生产和产量的影响。结果表明,对于黄瓜植株生长情况来说,以低量有机肥栽培基质及大豆秸秆处理栽培基质效果较好;对于黄瓜产量来说,以低量鸡粪栽培基质及大豆秸秆处理栽培基质效果较好。

Effects of Substrates before and after Fermenting Treatment on the Growth,Development and Cut Flower Quality of Lily

[Objective] The aim of this study was to explore the effects of substrates before and after fermenting treatment on the growth,development and cut flower quality of lily.[Method] Oriental lily cultivar ＇Siberia＇ was taken as material to study the effect of using fermentative and unfermented agricultural waste as substrates on the growth,development and cut flower quality of lily.And the physical and chemical properties of substrates before and after fermenting treatment were studied.[Result] The full decomposition of agricultural waste would greatly improve the physical and chemical properties of substrates,such as the fermentative substrates changed to stabilization,the ratio of carbon nitrogen had dropped drastically,the total porosity was increase,the ratio of gas and water was better,and the nutrition elements was increased.Moreover,it could significantly increased the plant height,stem diameter,leaf number,leaf area,leaf fresh weight and so on,as well as expanded the lily roots and significantly improved the rate of cut flower and cut flower quality.[Conclusion] This study had provided theoretically basis for the cultivation of cut lily.

Development of Organic Ecological Soilless Cultivation

This paper reviewed the development of organic ecotype soilless cultivation, the characteristics and advantages and development prospects, and the sources, types and nutritional characteristics of main cultivation. Compared with other cultivation methods, the research analyzed development prospects of soilless cultivation technology.