[Objective] This study aimed to screen out the methods and indices that could quickly and accurately detect the maturity of materials through evaluating the mature status of rapeseed meal composting. [Method] The phys...[Objective] This study aimed to screen out the methods and indices that could quickly and accurately detect the maturity of materials through evaluating the mature status of rapeseed meal composting. [Method] The physicochemical proper- ties variation of rapeseed meal composting was analyzed by testing emission of carbon dioxide, degradation of organic matter, conductivity values, coefficient of seed germination and free amino acids during the fermentation process. [Result] In the process of fermentation, the release amount of carbon dioxide per unit time was drastically reduced at the beginning and then the change became smoothly later. The organic matter was degraded quickly and then slowed down, and the total amount of degradation was 7.34%, total degradation rated of 9.06%. The seed ger- mination coefficient showed a trend of gradual decline, and after the start of fermen- tation, the germination coefficient was below the critical coefficient of 0.8. The con- ductivity value and the free amino acid content changed significantly, which showed strong regularity, and the increase amount was close to 1 times. [Conclusion] The detection of conductivity value and free amino acid content in rapeseed meal com- posting can be used as the methods and indices for the quick and accurate detec- tion of the maturity of organic fertilizer fermentation.展开更多
Two field experiments were conducted at Saria in the centre of Burkina Faso in order to assess the effect of chemical and organic fertilizers on yields and soil fertility on two different soils. Groundnut haulm yield,...Two field experiments were conducted at Saria in the centre of Burkina Faso in order to assess the effect of chemical and organic fertilizers on yields and soil fertility on two different soils. Groundnut haulm yield, pod yield, number of pods, % 2-seeded pods, % pod rot, seed yield and 100 seeds weight as well as sorghum dry shoot and grain yields were measured. Most of the different variables were affected by continuous cropping without fertilizer application on the two soils, in particular on the coarse one. The effect of nutrient deficiencies was observed. The mineral fertilizers maintained yields, but their supply was not able to replenish the nutrient uptake by plants. The effect of compost on crop production was initially minimal, but improved during years seven and height. Tillage had also a slightly positive effect on yield, which varied with soil type. In the control plot, the content of organic matter decreased in five years and did not increase with the application of fertilizers. In contrast, addition of fertilizers increased total N and Bray-I P. Nitrogen, P, K and Ca balances were negative in almost all treatments without mineral fertilizers. Results showed that fertilizers used were inadequate for maintaining soil fertility and yields in long run. However, extra production did not provide significant profits.展开更多
基金Supported by the Research and Development of Featured Sound Flavored Tobacco of Hunan Province(2011NK4057)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to screen out the methods and indices that could quickly and accurately detect the maturity of materials through evaluating the mature status of rapeseed meal composting. [Method] The physicochemical proper- ties variation of rapeseed meal composting was analyzed by testing emission of carbon dioxide, degradation of organic matter, conductivity values, coefficient of seed germination and free amino acids during the fermentation process. [Result] In the process of fermentation, the release amount of carbon dioxide per unit time was drastically reduced at the beginning and then the change became smoothly later. The organic matter was degraded quickly and then slowed down, and the total amount of degradation was 7.34%, total degradation rated of 9.06%. The seed ger- mination coefficient showed a trend of gradual decline, and after the start of fermen- tation, the germination coefficient was below the critical coefficient of 0.8. The con- ductivity value and the free amino acid content changed significantly, which showed strong regularity, and the increase amount was close to 1 times. [Conclusion] The detection of conductivity value and free amino acid content in rapeseed meal com- posting can be used as the methods and indices for the quick and accurate detec- tion of the maturity of organic fertilizer fermentation.
文摘Two field experiments were conducted at Saria in the centre of Burkina Faso in order to assess the effect of chemical and organic fertilizers on yields and soil fertility on two different soils. Groundnut haulm yield, pod yield, number of pods, % 2-seeded pods, % pod rot, seed yield and 100 seeds weight as well as sorghum dry shoot and grain yields were measured. Most of the different variables were affected by continuous cropping without fertilizer application on the two soils, in particular on the coarse one. The effect of nutrient deficiencies was observed. The mineral fertilizers maintained yields, but their supply was not able to replenish the nutrient uptake by plants. The effect of compost on crop production was initially minimal, but improved during years seven and height. Tillage had also a slightly positive effect on yield, which varied with soil type. In the control plot, the content of organic matter decreased in five years and did not increase with the application of fertilizers. In contrast, addition of fertilizers increased total N and Bray-I P. Nitrogen, P, K and Ca balances were negative in almost all treatments without mineral fertilizers. Results showed that fertilizers used were inadequate for maintaining soil fertility and yields in long run. However, extra production did not provide significant profits.
