The water stability of aggregates in various size classes separated from 18 samples of red soils under different managements, and the mechanisms responsible for the formation of water-stable soil aggregates were studi...The water stability of aggregates in various size classes separated from 18 samples of red soils under different managements, and the mechanisms responsible for the formation of water-stable soil aggregates were studied. The results showed that the water stability of soil aggregates declined with increasing size, especially for the low organic matter soils. Organic matter plays a key role in the formation of water-stable soil aggregates. The larger the soil aggregate size, the greater the impact of organic matter on the water stability of soil aggregates. Removal of organic matter markedly disintegrated the large water-stable aggregates (> 2.0 mm) and increased the small ones (< 0.25-0.smm) to some extent, whereas removal of free iron(aluminium) oxides considerably destroyed aggregates of all sizes, especially the < 0.25-0.5 mm classes. The contents of organic matter in water-stable aggregates increased with aggregate sizes. It is concluded from this study that small water-stable aggregates (< 0.25-0.5 mm) were chiefly cemented by Fe and Al oxides whilst the large ones (> 2.0 mm) were mainly glued up by organic matter. Both free oxides and organic matter contribute to the formation and water stability of aggregates in red soils.展开更多
A poorly-described marine planktonic ciliate, Tintinnopsis brasiliensis Kofoid ＆ Campbell, 1929, collected from the Taiping Cape of Qingdao, China, was morphologically investigated based on permanent preparation afte...A poorly-described marine planktonic ciliate, Tintinnopsis brasiliensis Kofoid ＆ Campbell, 1929, collected from the Taiping Cape of Qingdao, China, was morphologically investigated based on permanent preparation after protargol impregnation and was compared with other related congeners. According to the infraciliature, three ciliary groups can be recognized, which reveals a very stable structure among specimens and denotes that the pattern of infraciliature is, apart from the features of the lorica, a highly reliable criterion for species identification.展开更多
The mixed P3HT （poly（3-hexylthiophene）） and [6,6]-PCBM （phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester） organic thin films were investigated for electronic structure using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and PESA （photo-electro...The mixed P3HT （poly（3-hexylthiophene）） and [6,6]-PCBM （phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester） organic thin films were investigated for electronic structure using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and PESA （photo-electron spectroscopy in air）. Furthermore, ESR （electron spin resonance） and AFM （atomic force microscopy） were used to investigate the surface morphology and molecular orientation, respectively. ESR analysis indicated the molecular orientation of the P3HT crystalline in the blend thin films, which the crystalline oriented normal to the substrate with distribution of 35°. AFM images indicated that the surface morphology of P3HT film was affected by the presence of PCBM nanoparticles. Solution-processed OTFTs （organic thin-film transistors） based on P3HT/PCBM blend thin film in a top source-drain contact structure was fabricated, and the electrical characteristics of the devices were also investigated. A unipolar property with p-channel characteristics were obtained in glove box measurement.展开更多
The past two decades have been marked by five distinct but interlinked and converging trends that are gradually, collectively, cumulatively creating a whole new aspect of governance that, whilst it cannot replace or s...The past two decades have been marked by five distinct but interlinked and converging trends that are gradually, collectively, cumulatively creating a whole new aspect of governance that, whilst it cannot replace or supplant traditional forms of government, will increasingly complement them. This new aspect is, by its very nature, heterogeneous and organically fluid and does not allow for easy categorisation or comparative empirical study. Nevertheless, civil society- and particularly organised civil society-is increasingly exerting new forms of influence and representation and, as it does so, so its role is being consolidated and institutionalised at all levels.展开更多
Organic micro/nanocrystals based on small organic molecules have drawn extensive attention due to their potential application in organic field-effect transistors,electrochemical sensors,solar cells,etc.Herein,the rece...Organic micro/nanocrystals based on small organic molecules have drawn extensive attention due to their potential application in organic field-effect transistors,electrochemical sensors,solar cells,etc.Herein,the recent advances for organic micro/nanocrystals from the perspective of molecule aggregation mode,morphology modulation,and optical property modulation are reviewed.The stacking mode and the intermolecular interaction depend on the molecular structure,which eventually determines the morphology of organic micro/nanocrystals.The morphologies of the organic micro/nanocrystals make the aggregates exhibit photon confinement or light-guiding properties as organic miniaturized optoelectronic devices.In this review,we conclude with a summary and put forward our perspective on the current challenges and the future development of morphology and optical tunable direction for the organic micro/nanocrystals.展开更多
A double T-shaped device model is constructed to investigate the spin polarized current injection and transportation properties in organic semiconductors.Based on the spin diffusion theory and Ohm’s law and consideri...A double T-shaped device model is constructed to investigate the spin polarized current injection and transportation properties in organic semiconductors.Based on the spin diffusion theory and Ohm’s law and considering the different charge-spin relationship of the special carriers in organic semiconductors,the current spin polarization has been obtained.Effects of the branch current ratio and the polaron proportion on the spin polarized current injection efficiency are studied.From the calculation,it is found that the improvement of the spin polarized current injection efficiency can be obtained by adjusting the branch current ratio;moreover,high polaron proportion in organic semiconductors is beneficial for obtaining high current spin polarization.展开更多
A novel pseudo rubrene analogue,6,11-di(thiophen-2-yl)-tetracene-5,12-dione (DTTDO) was synthesized,in which two thienyl groups and two carbonyl groups replacing four phenyl groups in the rubrene molecule were connect...A novel pseudo rubrene analogue,6,11-di(thiophen-2-yl)-tetracene-5,12-dione (DTTDO) was synthesized,in which two thienyl groups and two carbonyl groups replacing four phenyl groups in the rubrene molecule were connected to the backbone of tetracene.This compound was characterized by single crystal X-ray structure analysis,thermogravimetric analysis,absorption spectra and electrochemical measurements.Unlike rubrene,DTTDO exhibited excellent film forming ability by normal vacuum deposition,indicating its promising applications in organic thin film transistors.展开更多
文摘The water stability of aggregates in various size classes separated from 18 samples of red soils under different managements, and the mechanisms responsible for the formation of water-stable soil aggregates were studied. The results showed that the water stability of soil aggregates declined with increasing size, especially for the low organic matter soils. Organic matter plays a key role in the formation of water-stable soil aggregates. The larger the soil aggregate size, the greater the impact of organic matter on the water stability of soil aggregates. Removal of organic matter markedly disintegrated the large water-stable aggregates (> 2.0 mm) and increased the small ones (< 0.25-0.smm) to some extent, whereas removal of free iron(aluminium) oxides considerably destroyed aggregates of all sizes, especially the < 0.25-0.5 mm classes. The contents of organic matter in water-stable aggregates increased with aggregate sizes. It is concluded from this study that small water-stable aggregates (< 0.25-0.5 mm) were chiefly cemented by Fe and Al oxides whilst the large ones (> 2.0 mm) were mainly glued up by organic matter. Both free oxides and organic matter contribute to the formation and water stability of aggregates in red soils.
基金supported by'the Natural Science Foundation of China'(No.40376045)'the National Science Council,R0C'(NSC 89-2611-M-019-007-K2).
文摘A poorly-described marine planktonic ciliate, Tintinnopsis brasiliensis Kofoid ＆ Campbell, 1929, collected from the Taiping Cape of Qingdao, China, was morphologically investigated based on permanent preparation after protargol impregnation and was compared with other related congeners. According to the infraciliature, three ciliary groups can be recognized, which reveals a very stable structure among specimens and denotes that the pattern of infraciliature is, apart from the features of the lorica, a highly reliable criterion for species identification.
文摘The mixed P3HT （poly（3-hexylthiophene）） and [6,6]-PCBM （phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester） organic thin films were investigated for electronic structure using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and PESA （photo-electron spectroscopy in air）. Furthermore, ESR （electron spin resonance） and AFM （atomic force microscopy） were used to investigate the surface morphology and molecular orientation, respectively. ESR analysis indicated the molecular orientation of the P3HT crystalline in the blend thin films, which the crystalline oriented normal to the substrate with distribution of 35°. AFM images indicated that the surface morphology of P3HT film was affected by the presence of PCBM nanoparticles. Solution-processed OTFTs （organic thin-film transistors） based on P3HT/PCBM blend thin film in a top source-drain contact structure was fabricated, and the electrical characteristics of the devices were also investigated. A unipolar property with p-channel characteristics were obtained in glove box measurement.
文摘The past two decades have been marked by five distinct but interlinked and converging trends that are gradually, collectively, cumulatively creating a whole new aspect of governance that, whilst it cannot replace or supplant traditional forms of government, will increasingly complement them. This new aspect is, by its very nature, heterogeneous and organically fluid and does not allow for easy categorisation or comparative empirical study. Nevertheless, civil society- and particularly organised civil society-is increasingly exerting new forms of influence and representation and, as it does so, so its role is being consolidated and institutionalised at all levels.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21971185)the Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology(CIC-Nano)the"111"Project of The State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs of China。
文摘Organic micro/nanocrystals based on small organic molecules have drawn extensive attention due to their potential application in organic field-effect transistors,electrochemical sensors,solar cells,etc.Herein,the recent advances for organic micro/nanocrystals from the perspective of molecule aggregation mode,morphology modulation,and optical property modulation are reviewed.The stacking mode and the intermolecular interaction depend on the molecular structure,which eventually determines the morphology of organic micro/nanocrystals.The morphologies of the organic micro/nanocrystals make the aggregates exhibit photon confinement or light-guiding properties as organic miniaturized optoelectronic devices.In this review,we conclude with a summary and put forward our perspective on the current challenges and the future development of morphology and optical tunable direction for the organic micro/nanocrystals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.10904083 and 10904084)the Project of Shandong Provincial Higher Educational Science and Technology Program(Grant No.J13LA05)the Excellent Young Scholars Research Fund of Shandong Normal University
文摘A double T-shaped device model is constructed to investigate the spin polarized current injection and transportation properties in organic semiconductors.Based on the spin diffusion theory and Ohm’s law and considering the different charge-spin relationship of the special carriers in organic semiconductors,the current spin polarization has been obtained.Effects of the branch current ratio and the polaron proportion on the spin polarized current injection efficiency are studied.From the calculation,it is found that the improvement of the spin polarized current injection efficiency can be obtained by adjusting the branch current ratio;moreover,high polaron proportion in organic semiconductors is beneficial for obtaining high current spin polarization.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60771031,60736004,20571079,20721061 and 50725311)National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program,2006CB806200 & 2006CB932100)Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘A novel pseudo rubrene analogue,6,11-di(thiophen-2-yl)-tetracene-5,12-dione (DTTDO) was synthesized,in which two thienyl groups and two carbonyl groups replacing four phenyl groups in the rubrene molecule were connected to the backbone of tetracene.This compound was characterized by single crystal X-ray structure analysis,thermogravimetric analysis,absorption spectra and electrochemical measurements.Unlike rubrene,DTTDO exhibited excellent film forming ability by normal vacuum deposition,indicating its promising applications in organic thin film transistors.
