A two-channel thermal dissociation cavity ring down spectroscopy （CRDS） instrument has been built for in situ, real-time measurement of NO2 and total RNO2 （peroxy nitrates and alkyl nitrates） in ambient air, with ...A two-channel thermal dissociation cavity ring down spectroscopy （CRDS） instrument has been built for in situ, real-time measurement of NO2 and total RNO2 （peroxy nitrates and alkyl nitrates） in ambient air, with a NO2 detection limit of 0.10 ppbv at 1 s. A 6-day long measurement was conducted at urban site of Hefei by using the CRDS instrument with a time resolution of 3 s. A commercial molybdenum converted chemiluminescence （Mo-CL） instrument was also used for comparison. The average RNO2 concentration in the 6 days was measured to be 1.94 ppbv. The Mo-CL instrument overestimated the NO2 concentration by a bias of ＋1.69 ppbv in average, for the reason that it cannot distinguish RNO2 from NO2. The relative bias could be over 100% during the afternoon hours when NO2 was low but RNO2 was high.展开更多
GaN buffer layers (thickness ～60nm) grown on GaAs(001) by low-temperature MOCVD are investigated by X-ray diffraction pole figure measurements using synchrotron radiation in order to understand the heteroepitaxial gr...GaN buffer layers (thickness ～60nm) grown on GaAs(001) by low-temperature MOCVD are investigated by X-ray diffraction pole figure measurements using synchrotron radiation in order to understand the heteroepitaxial growth features of GaN on GaAs(001) substrates.In addition to the epitaxially aligned crystallites,their corresponding twins of the first and the second order are found in the X-ray diffraction pole figures.Moreover,{111} φ scans with χ at 55° reveal the abnormal distribution of Bragg diffractions.The extra intensity maxima in the pole figures shows that the process of twinning plays a dominating role during the growth process.It is suggested that the polarity of {111} facets emerged on (001) surface will affect the growth-twin nucleation at the initial stages of GaN growth on GaAs(001) substrates.It is proposed that twinning is prone to occurring on {111}B,N-terminated facets.展开更多
The aim was to explore dynamic changes of organic matter and nitrogen pol ution in Dongchang Lake. [Method] Monitoring data, including BOD5, CODCr, NH3-N and TN, of Dongchang Lake were chosen for analysis during 2002-...The aim was to explore dynamic changes of organic matter and nitrogen pol ution in Dongchang Lake. [Method] Monitoring data, including BOD5, CODCr, NH3-N and TN, of Dongchang Lake were chosen for analysis during 2002-2011. [Result] Water quality of the six lake districts showed deteriorating in monitor-ing period, and TN was the dominant pol ution factor; BOD5/CODCr ratio was low, suggesting biodegradability of organic pol utant in the lake was lower. NH3/TN ratio was higher, indicating NH3-N was a major factor causing nitrogen exceeding in 2010. In addition, correlations between BOD5 and CODCr and between NH3-N and TN in the lake districts maintained at a significant level. [Conclusion] The research provides references for improving water in Dongchang Lake.展开更多
The contents of nitrogen and organic carbon in an agricultural soil were analyzed using reflectance measurements （n = 52） performed with an ASD FieldSpee-Ⅱ spectroradiometer. For parameter prediction, empirical mod...The contents of nitrogen and organic carbon in an agricultural soil were analyzed using reflectance measurements （n = 52） performed with an ASD FieldSpee-Ⅱ spectroradiometer. For parameter prediction, empirical models based on partial least squares （PLS） regression were defined from the measured reflectance spectra （0.4 to 2.4 μm）. Here, reliable estimates were obtained for nitrogen content, but prediction accuracy was only moderate for organic carbon. For nitrogen, the real spatial pattern of within-field variability was reproduced with high accuracy. The results indicate the potential of this method as a quick screening tool for the spatial assessment of nitrogen and organic carbon, and therefore an appropriate alternative to time- and cost-intensive chemical analysis in the laboratory.展开更多
AlN film is deposited on a nanorod ZnO template by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Scanning electron microscopy measurements reveal that this film forms a lying nanorod surface. The grazing incidence X- ray di...AlN film is deposited on a nanorod ZnO template by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Scanning electron microscopy measurements reveal that this film forms a lying nanorod surface. The grazing incidence X- ray diffraction further proves that it is entirely a wurtzite AIN structure, and the average size of the crystallite grains is about 12nm,which is near the ZnO nanorod diameter （30nm）. This means that the nanorod ZnO template can restrict the AlN lateral overgrowth. Additionally, by etching the ZnO template with H2 at high temperatures,we directly achieve epitaxial lift-off during the growth process. Eventually, free-standing AlN nanocrystals are achieved,and the undamaged area is near 1cm × 1cm. We define the growth mechanism as a ＂grow-etch- merge＂ process.展开更多
Two potential novel environmentally friendly ashless vegetable oil additives, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole derivatives, di-n-dodecyl-[2-（2-benzothiazolyl）thio]ethylborane （LBN） and di-n-dodecylthio-[2-（2-benzothiazoly...Two potential novel environmentally friendly ashless vegetable oil additives, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole derivatives, di-n-dodecyl-[2-（2-benzothiazolyl）thio]ethylborane （LBN） and di-n-dodecylthio-[2-（2-benzothiazolyl） thio]ethylborane （LBNS）, were synthesized and their tribological performance as additives in rapeseed oil （RSO） was evaluated using a four-ball wear tester. Their anti-corrosive properties and thermal stability were also examined. The worn surface of the steel ball was analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. The results showed that 2-mercaptobenzothiazole derivatives exhibited excellent anti-corrosive property and high thermal stability. Moreover, they both had good load-carrying capacities and anti-wear and friction-reducing properties. The PR values of samples decreased in the following order： LBNS〉 LBN〉RSO. The results of XPS examination illustrated that the excellent tribological behavior of the prepared compounds used as additives in RSO was attributed to the formation of a protective lubrication film on the worn surface, which consisted of an adsorption layer and a reaction layer containing Fe3O4, FeS, Fe2（SO4）3, FeB, and organic nitrogen-containing compounds.展开更多
Abstract Asphaltene, from co-processing of coal and petroleum residues is one of the most precious and complex molecular mixtures existing, with tremendous economic relevance. Asphaltene was separated by Soxhlet extra...Abstract Asphaltene, from co-processing of coal and petroleum residues is one of the most precious and complex molecular mixtures existing, with tremendous economic relevance. Asphaltene was separated by Soxhlet extraction with methylbenzene and then divided into three parts by distillation. Gas chromatography （GC） and high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） were coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry （Q-TOF MS） to separate and characterize organic nitrogen species in the distillates of asphaltene at molecular level. Molecular mass of compounds was mainly distributed from 150 to 600 ~t. Number of rings plus double bonds （rdb） and synchronous fluorescence spectra indicated that most of the organonitrogen compounds （NPAC） contained heterocyclic aromatic rings, including pyridines, anilines, quinolins, pyrroles, carbazoles and indoles plus various alkyl groups. Constant-wavelength synchronous fluo- rescence spectrometry （CWSFS） indicated NPAC with 2-3 rings were the main structures of organonitrogen compounds and the corresponding structural information was proposed. Some organic nitrogen isomers were separated and identified by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization （APCI） GC-Q-TOF MS and electrospray ionization （ESI） HPLC-Q-TOF MS. The methodology applied here contained chromatographic injection of the diluted sample using conventional columns sets and Data Analysis 4.2 software. Identifying molecular structures provides a foundation to understand all aspects of coal- derived asphaltene, enabling a first-principles approach to optimize resource utilization.展开更多
文摘A two-channel thermal dissociation cavity ring down spectroscopy （CRDS） instrument has been built for in situ, real-time measurement of NO2 and total RNO2 （peroxy nitrates and alkyl nitrates） in ambient air, with a NO2 detection limit of 0.10 ppbv at 1 s. A 6-day long measurement was conducted at urban site of Hefei by using the CRDS instrument with a time resolution of 3 s. A commercial molybdenum converted chemiluminescence （Mo-CL） instrument was also used for comparison. The average RNO2 concentration in the 6 days was measured to be 1.94 ppbv. The Mo-CL instrument overestimated the NO2 concentration by a bias of ＋1.69 ppbv in average, for the reason that it cannot distinguish RNO2 from NO2. The relative bias could be over 100% during the afternoon hours when NO2 was low but RNO2 was high.
文摘GaN buffer layers (thickness ～60nm) grown on GaAs(001) by low-temperature MOCVD are investigated by X-ray diffraction pole figure measurements using synchrotron radiation in order to understand the heteroepitaxial growth features of GaN on GaAs(001) substrates.In addition to the epitaxially aligned crystallites,their corresponding twins of the first and the second order are found in the X-ray diffraction pole figures.Moreover,{111} φ scans with χ at 55° reveal the abnormal distribution of Bragg diffractions.The extra intensity maxima in the pole figures shows that the process of twinning plays a dominating role during the growth process.It is suggested that the polarity of {111} facets emerged on (001) surface will affect the growth-twin nucleation at the initial stages of GaN growth on GaAs(001) substrates.It is proposed that twinning is prone to occurring on {111}B,N-terminated facets.
基金Supported by Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment(2009ZX07106-03)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2013DM012,ZR2010DL008,ZR2013DL005)Undergraduate Scientific and Technological Innovation Project(SF2013138,SF2013140,SF2012076,SF2012077,SF2012090)~~
文摘The aim was to explore dynamic changes of organic matter and nitrogen pol ution in Dongchang Lake. [Method] Monitoring data, including BOD5, CODCr, NH3-N and TN, of Dongchang Lake were chosen for analysis during 2002-2011. [Result] Water quality of the six lake districts showed deteriorating in monitor-ing period, and TN was the dominant pol ution factor; BOD5/CODCr ratio was low, suggesting biodegradability of organic pol utant in the lake was lower. NH3/TN ratio was higher, indicating NH3-N was a major factor causing nitrogen exceeding in 2010. In addition, correlations between BOD5 and CODCr and between NH3-N and TN in the lake districts maintained at a significant level. [Conclusion] The research provides references for improving water in Dongchang Lake.
文摘The contents of nitrogen and organic carbon in an agricultural soil were analyzed using reflectance measurements （n = 52） performed with an ASD FieldSpee-Ⅱ spectroradiometer. For parameter prediction, empirical models based on partial least squares （PLS） regression were defined from the measured reflectance spectra （0.4 to 2.4 μm）. Here, reliable estimates were obtained for nitrogen content, but prediction accuracy was only moderate for organic carbon. For nitrogen, the real spatial pattern of within-field variability was reproduced with high accuracy. The results indicate the potential of this method as a quick screening tool for the spatial assessment of nitrogen and organic carbon, and therefore an appropriate alternative to time- and cost-intensive chemical analysis in the laboratory.
文摘AlN film is deposited on a nanorod ZnO template by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Scanning electron microscopy measurements reveal that this film forms a lying nanorod surface. The grazing incidence X- ray diffraction further proves that it is entirely a wurtzite AIN structure, and the average size of the crystallite grains is about 12nm,which is near the ZnO nanorod diameter （30nm）. This means that the nanorod ZnO template can restrict the AlN lateral overgrowth. Additionally, by etching the ZnO template with H2 at high temperatures,we directly achieve epitaxial lift-off during the growth process. Eventually, free-standing AlN nanocrystals are achieved,and the undamaged area is near 1cm × 1cm. We define the growth mechanism as a ＂grow-etch- merge＂ process.
基金supported financially by the PLA General Logistics Department
文摘Two potential novel environmentally friendly ashless vegetable oil additives, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole derivatives, di-n-dodecyl-[2-（2-benzothiazolyl）thio]ethylborane （LBN） and di-n-dodecylthio-[2-（2-benzothiazolyl） thio]ethylborane （LBNS）, were synthesized and their tribological performance as additives in rapeseed oil （RSO） was evaluated using a four-ball wear tester. Their anti-corrosive properties and thermal stability were also examined. The worn surface of the steel ball was analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. The results showed that 2-mercaptobenzothiazole derivatives exhibited excellent anti-corrosive property and high thermal stability. Moreover, they both had good load-carrying capacities and anti-wear and friction-reducing properties. The PR values of samples decreased in the following order： LBNS〉 LBN〉RSO. The results of XPS examination illustrated that the excellent tribological behavior of the prepared compounds used as additives in RSO was attributed to the formation of a protective lubrication film on the worn surface, which consisted of an adsorption layer and a reaction layer containing Fe3O4, FeS, Fe2（SO4）3, FeB, and organic nitrogen-containing compounds.
基金Acknowledgements The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of this work by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. U1510122）. The authors declare that the experiments comply with the current laws of China.
文摘Abstract Asphaltene, from co-processing of coal and petroleum residues is one of the most precious and complex molecular mixtures existing, with tremendous economic relevance. Asphaltene was separated by Soxhlet extraction with methylbenzene and then divided into three parts by distillation. Gas chromatography （GC） and high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） were coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry （Q-TOF MS） to separate and characterize organic nitrogen species in the distillates of asphaltene at molecular level. Molecular mass of compounds was mainly distributed from 150 to 600 ~t. Number of rings plus double bonds （rdb） and synchronous fluorescence spectra indicated that most of the organonitrogen compounds （NPAC） contained heterocyclic aromatic rings, including pyridines, anilines, quinolins, pyrroles, carbazoles and indoles plus various alkyl groups. Constant-wavelength synchronous fluo- rescence spectrometry （CWSFS） indicated NPAC with 2-3 rings were the main structures of organonitrogen compounds and the corresponding structural information was proposed. Some organic nitrogen isomers were separated and identified by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization （APCI） GC-Q-TOF MS and electrospray ionization （ESI） HPLC-Q-TOF MS. The methodology applied here contained chromatographic injection of the diluted sample using conventional columns sets and Data Analysis 4.2 software. Identifying molecular structures provides a foundation to understand all aspects of coal- derived asphaltene, enabling a first-principles approach to optimize resource utilization.
