有机污染物分子团簇的环境行为和效应研究进展

环境中与日俱增的有机污染物严重危害着生态环境和人体健康.先前研究往往忽视了有机污染物分子团簇(molecular cluster of organic contaminants,MCOCs)的影响,而MCOCs的形成可能改变有机污染物的理化特性,进而影响其环境行为和归趋.分子结构特性及环境条件决定了有机污染物的赋存状态(分子态、离子态、团簇态和沉淀态),也进一步决定了其环境行为和风险.比如,MCOCs相较于其它赋存状态可能更有利于其被快速吸附,但也可能由于其尺寸较大而限制了在孔隙内的活动.文章综述了决定有机污染物(多环芳烃、邻苯二甲酸酯、其它有机污染物)赋存状态的因素以及它们的环境行为和环境效应,并总结了MCOCs形成的普遍性和显著性,着重强调了它们的环境行为、效应及潜在的环境风险,旨在为有机污染物的环境行为和效应研究以及其污染控制策略的形成提供理论支撑.

有机污染物分子的STM研究

本文结合本研究室的部分工作 ,简要介绍了近年来运用扫描隧道显微镜 (STM )对吸附在金属及非金属表面的有机污染物分子的结构、界面行为及反应动力学过程研究中所取得的代表性结果 ,展示了该技术在污染物降解研究中的重要作用及发展前景。

用于小分子有机污染物现场快速检测的化学发光免疫分析技术

基于融合化学发光原理、生物亲和反应原理和光纤生物传感原理,设计了一种化学发光光纤免疫传感分析仪,建立了小分子有机污染物的现场快速灵敏检测技术。以双酚A(BPA)为例,结合间接竞争免疫反应原理,通过研发惰性蛋白卵清蛋白偶联的包被抗原(BPA-OVA)功能化的光纤探头,建立了BPA现场快速检测的化学发光免疫分析新方法。结果表明,其线性检测范围为0.95~100.9μg/L,检测限为0.15μg/L。实际水样加标回收实验表明,该方法回收率为94.5%~116.0%,标准偏差<10%。该方法具有很好的精密度和准确度,能够用于实际水样中BPA的检测。利用其他小分子有机污染物包被抗原功能化的光纤探头和相应的荧光标记抗体,化学发光光纤免疫传感分析仪即可用于其他小分子有机污染物的现场快速检测。

介孔炭材料及介孔炭／氧化硅复合材料对大分子有机污染物的吸附

介孔炭材料与活性炭相比具有较大的孔体积和孔径,高的比表面积以及规则的孔道结构,而介孔炭/氧化硅复合材料兼顾了活性炭与介孔材料的优点,因此在吸附大分子有机污染物方面有很好的应用前景。笔者综述了近年来介孔炭,负载/修饰后的介孔炭,介孔炭/氧化硅复合材料的制备和最新研究进展。在制备方面,根据其制备机理的不同可分为硬模板法和软模板法,制备出有序的介孔炭与介孔炭/氧化硅复合材料。在应用方面,重点介绍了介孔炭材料和介孔炭/氧化硅复合材料对大分子有机污染物的吸附性能。进而对介孔炭/氧化硅复合材料在吸附方面的应用进行了展望。

量子点标记荧光分析技术在痕量小分子有机污染物检测中的应用

量子点是一种半导体纳米粒子,具有荧光量子产率高、激发光谱宽、发射光谱窄而可调、耐光漂白等独特的光学特性,在健康、食品安全、医药卫生、环境分析等诸多领域得到了广泛应用。简述了量子点的基本特性,针对近年来量子点荧光分析在痕量小分子有机污染物检测中的应用技术研究,从量子点标记荧光免疫吸附分析(QDs-FLISA)技术、荧光共振能量转移(FRET)技术、免疫传感器技术三个方面进行了综述.最后,就该研究领域存在的问题和发展方向提出了看法。

Adsorptive and catalytic properties in the removal of volatile organic compounds over zeolite-based materials

Volatile organic compounds（VOCs） are a major component in air pollutants and pose great risks to both human health and environmental protection. Currently, VOC abatement in industrial applications is through the use of activated carbons as adsorbents and oxide-supported metals as catalysts. Notably, activated carbons easily adsorb water, which strongly hinders the adsorption of VOCs; conventional oxides typically possess relatively low surface areas and random pores, which effectively influence the catalytic conversion of VOCs. Zeolites, in contrast with activated carbons and oxides, can be designed to have very uniform and controllable micropores, in addition to tailored wettability properties, which can favor the selective adsorption of VOCs. In particular, zeolites with selective adsorptive properties when combined with catalytically active metals result in zeolite-supported metals exhibiting significantly improved performance in the catalytic combustion of VOCs compared with conventional oxide-supported catalysts. In this review, recent developments on VOC abatement by adsorptive and catalytic techniques over zeolite-based materials have been briefly summarized.

TiO_2表面特性的改变对其光催化降解高聚物活性的影响

以 2 50 W高压汞灯为光源 ,采用固定相 Ti O2 、Pt/ Ti O2 和 Fe3 +/ Ti O2 光催化氧化降解聚乙烯醇(PVA) ,研究了不同表面处理方式对 Ti O2 光催化活性的影响 .结果表明 ,通过光化学沉积法在 Ti O2 表面上担载 1.0 % Pt制备的催化剂对 PVA具有很好的光催化活性 ,此时光照 6 0 min后 ,PVA的光解率可达 78.4 % ,但过量的 Pt却降低了 Ti O2 的光催化活性 .研究还表明 ,高温灼烧法在 Ti O2 表面上担载Fe3 +无助于提高 Ti O2 降解 PVA的光催化活性 ,随着 Fe3 +含量的升高 ,Ti O2 对 PVA的光催化活性明显下降 .结合 SEM手段 ,认为 Ti O2

Micro-Polluted Surface Water Treatment by PAC-MBR Process

A kind of hybrid membrane process, which integrated powdered activated carbon (PAC) with membrane bioreactor (MBR), was designed for bench scale experiment for micro-polluted surface water treatment. Molecular weight analysis was used to evaluate the efficiency of each unit process and the integration of them. The result of analysis indicated that organic molecules in the treated water from PAC-MBR process were concentrated on the section of below 1000, while PAC adsorption could enhance the removal efficiency of this section due to the high percent of biodegradation recalcitrant organic matter with low molecular weight. It was demonstrated that PAC adsorption and biological treatment promoted each other in PAC-MBR process, with a removal efficiency of 70% for COD Mn and UV 254, 100% for UV 410 and 92% for ammonia nitrogen in its stable stage.

Significant contributions of the petroleum industry to volatile organic compounds and ozone pollution:Insights from year-long observations in the Yellow River Delta

The petroleum industry is a significant source of anthropogenic volatile organic compounds(VOCs),but up to now,its exact impact on urban VOCs and ozone(O_(3))remains unclear.This study conducted year-long VOC ob-servations in Dongying,China,a petroleum industrial region.The VOCs from the petroleum industry(oil and gas volatilization and petrochemical production)were identified by employing the positive matrix factorization model,and their contribution to O_(3) formation was quantitatively evaluated using an observation-based chemical box model.The observed annual average concentration of VOCs was 68.6±63.5 ppbv,with a maximum daily av-erage of 335.3 ppbv.The petroleum industry accounted for 66.5%of total VOCs,contributing 54.9%from oil and gas evaporation and 11.6%from petrochemical production.Model results indicated that VOCs from the petroleum industry contributed to 31%of net O_(3) production,with 21.3%and 34.2%contributions to HO_(2)+NO and RO_(2)+NO pathways,respectively.The larger impact on the RO_(2) pathway is primarily due to the fact that OH+VOCs ac-count for 86.9%of the primary source of RO_(2).This study highlights the critical role of controlling VOCs from the petroleum industry in urban O_(3) pollution,especially those from previously overlooked low-reactivity alkanes.