红麻鲜茎加菌脱胶过程中有机物动态变化规律

利用红麻专用脱胶菌T1163 分别在振荡和静置条件下 ,对红麻鲜茎进行了脱胶试验 ,测定了发酵液中的活菌量、pH值、挥发酸、COD、还原糖、胞外可溶蛋白及脱落物和总残渣量等指标。结果表明 ,在振荡条件下 ,84小时完成红麻鲜茎脱胶 ;pH值为 6 .80～ 7.45 ;挥发酸和可溶蛋白含量较低 ,其峰值分别为 1 48mg/l和 5 3mg/l。在静置条件下 ,72小时完成红麻鲜茎脱胶 ;pH值为 6 .2 0～ 6 .80 ;挥发酸随脱胶的进程而不断增加 ,脱胶完成时下降 ,峰值 6 35mg/l;胞外可溶蛋白变化趋势呈“M”型。两种发酵体系中 ,脱落物和总残渣量均随脱胶时间延长而呈不断增加趋势 ,脱胶完成时 ,其去除率均达 1 1 %左右 ;微生物均在 2— 6小时迅速旺盛繁殖 ;COD和还原糖均呈“M”型趋势。

粗饲料及食品加工副产品的瘤胃有机物降解率的研究

本实验用瘤胃尼龙袋法测定了酱油渣（长营）、酱油渣（豆各庄）、白酒糟（大厂）、白酒糟（围场）、玉米淀粉渣、麦芽根、啤酒糟、麸皮、羊草、稻草、氢化稻草、高梁青贮（豆各庄）、大麦青贮（长营）、高粱青贮（长营）、苜蓿、王米秸、麦秸、氨化麦秸的瘤胃有机物动态降解率（％）分别为４６．５０、４６．０２、２５．４１、１８．５４、３８．５８、５９．０３、３２·８４、６９·１４、４１．１４、３２．０９、３７．７７、３９．８６、３６．３６、３６．７８、４５．１３、３２．８７、２９．５０、３７．１５。前８种饲料营养成份的粗脂肪（ＥＥ）、粗蛋白（ＣＰ）、粗纤维（ＣＰ）、无氮浸出物（ＮＰＥ）与瘤胃有机物动态降解率（ＦＯＭ）的回归方程为：ＦＯＭ＝１９１．４５＋０．８０ＥＥ－２．２０ＣＰ－４．３９ＣＦ－０．９１ＮＦＥ（Ｒ＝０．９１．ｎ＝８）相应后１０种饲料的回归方程为：ＦＯＭ＝－１０．５３－０．４１ＥＥ＋１．８３ＣＰ＋０．４４ＣＦ＋０．５６ＮＦＥ（Ｒ＝０．９０，ｎ＝１０）

Dynamic Analysis on Organic Matter and Nitrogen Pollution of Dongchang Lake

The aim was to explore dynamic changes of organic matter and nitrogen pol ution in Dongchang Lake. [Method] Monitoring data, including BOD5, CODCr, NH3-N and TN, of Dongchang Lake were chosen for analysis during 2002-2011. [Result] Water quality of the six lake districts showed deteriorating in monitor-ing period, and TN was the dominant pol ution factor; BOD5/CODCr ratio was low, suggesting biodegradability of organic pol utant in the lake was lower. NH3/TN ratio was higher, indicating NH3-N was a major factor causing nitrogen exceeding in 2010. In addition, correlations between BOD5 and CODCr and between NH3-N and TN in the lake districts maintained at a significant level. [Conclusion] The research provides references for improving water in Dongchang Lake.

Kinetics of Photocatalytic Degradation of Gaseous Organic Compounds on Modified TiO_2/AC Composite Photocatalyst

This study is focused on the kinetic characteristics of photocatalytic degradation of gaseous organic compounds on modified titanium dioxide/activated carbon composite photocatalyst(MTA).The MTA,which co-doping with iron(Fe) and nitrogen(N),was synthesized by a sol-gel method,and its photocatalytic performance was investigated under different reaction conditions.The experimental data obtained were tested by the zero,first and second order kinetic model,and the factors affecting the kinetic model were analyzed.It was clearly demonstrated that the experimental data of toluene and acetone on MTA fit quite well with second order kinetic model equation,but the experimental data of formaldehyde fits well with zero order kinetic model equation.

Spectral Characterization of Colored Dissolved Organic Matter for Productive Inland Waters and Its Source Analysis

This study examined the spatiotemporal dynamics of colored dissolved organic matter （CDOM） and spectral slope （S）, and further to analyze its sources in three productive water supplies （Eagle Creek, Geist and Morse reservoirs） from Indiana, USA. The re- sults showed that he absorption coefficient aCDOM（440） ranged from 0.37 m-1 to 3.93 m-1 with an average of 1.89 ± 0.76 m-1 （±SD） for the aggregated dataset, and S varied from 0.0048 nm -1 to 0.0239 nm-1 with an average of 0.0108 ±0.0040 nmI. A significant relation- ship between S and aCDOM（440） can be fitted with a power equation （S = 0.013 × aCDOM（440）-0.42, R2 = 0.612）, excluding data from Geist Reservoir during high flow （12 April 2010） and the Morse Reservoir on 25 June 2010 due to a T-storm achieves even higher determina- tion coefficient （R2 = 0.842）. Correlation analysis indicated that aCDOM（440） has strong association with inorganic suspended matter （ISM） concentration （0.231 〈 R2 〈 0.786） for each of the field surveys, and this trend followed the aggregated datasets （R2 = 0.447, p 〈 0.001）. In contrast, chlorophyll-a was only correlated with aCDOM（440） in summer and autumn （0.081 〈 R2 〈 0.763）, indicating that CDOM is mainly from terrigenous sources in early spring and that phytoplankton contributed during the algal blooming season. The S value was used to characterize CDOM origin. The results indicate that the CDOM source is mainly controlled by hydrological varia- tions, while phytoplankton originated organic matter also closely linked with CDOM dynamics in three productive reservoirs.

Assessing the dynamics of chromophoric dissolved organic matter(CDOM) in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea in autumn by EEMs-PARAFAC

In this study we have successfully characterized the fluorescent components of chromophoric dissolved organic matter(CDOM) in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea in autumn using excitation-emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy(EEMs) combined with parallel factor analysis(PARAFAC).PARAFAC aids the characterization of fluorescence CDOM by decomposing the fluorescence matrices into individual components.Four humic-like components(C1,C2,C3,and C4),one marine biological production component(C6),and two protein-like components(C5 and C7) were identified by PARAFAC.We researched the distributional patterns of fluorescence intensity,regression analyses between salinity,chlorophyll a concentration and fluorescence intensities of individual fluorophore,and regression analysis between salinity and fluorescence intensities percent of individual fluorophore.The results revealed that C2 and C4 showed conservative mixing behavior,while C1 and C3 possessed conservative mixing behavior in high salinity region and additional behavior in low and middle salinity region,which were considered to be derived from riverine and degradation of organic matter from resuspended and/or sinking particles and show non-conservative mixing behavior.In addition to riverine sources,the tryptophan-like C5 may receive widespread addition(likely from photo-degradation or biodegradation),while the most likely sources for the one marine humic-like C6 and tyrosine-like C7 were biological activity and microbial processing of plankton-derived CDOM,which were suggested to be of autochthonous origin and biologically labile.The application of EEM-PARAFAC modeling presents a unique opportunity to observe compositional changes,different mixing behavior and temporal variability in CDOM in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea.

Changes in Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics in a Native C4 Plant-Dominated Tidal Marsh Following Spartina alterniflora Invasion

Invasion of an exotic C4 plant Spartina alterniflora has been shown to increase soil organic carbon （SOC） concentrations in native C3 plant-dominated coastal wetlands of China. However, little is known about the effects of S. alterniflora invasion on SOC concentrations and fractions in tidal marshes dominated by native C4 plants. In this study, a field experiment was conducted in a tidal marsh dominated by the native C4 plant Cyperus malaccensis in the Minjiang River estuary, China. Concentrations of SOC and liable SOC fractions, dissolved organic carbon （DOG）, microbial biomass carbon （MBC）, and easily oxidizable carbon （EOC）, were measured in the top 50-cm soils of the C. malaccensis community, as well as those of three S. alterniflova communities with an invasion duration of 0-4 years （SA-4）, 4-8 years （SA-8）, and 8-12 years （SA-12）, respectively. Results showed that both SOC stocks in the 50-cm soils and mean SOC concentrations in the surface soils （0-10 cm） of the C. malaccensis community increased with the duration of S. alterniflora invasion, whereas SOC concentrations in the 10-50-cm soils decreased slightly during the initial period of S. alterniflora invasion, before increasing again. The pattern of changes in labile SOC fractions （DOC, MBC, and EOC） with invasion duration was generally similar to that of SOC, while the ratios of labile SOC fractions to total SOC （DOC：SOC, MBC：SOC, and EOC：SOC） decreased significantly with the duration of S. alterniflora invasion. The findings of this study suggest that invasion of the exotic C4 plant S. alternifora into a marsh dominated by the native C4 plant C. malaecensis would enhance SOC sequestration owing to the greater amount of biomass and lower proportion of labile SOC fractions present in the S. alterniflora communities.