Two-phase anaerobic digestion process is influenced by acid control for hydrogen production, reaction temperature, substrate detention time, sludge activity, and granular formation. Al of these technological parameter...Two-phase anaerobic digestion process is influenced by acid control for hydrogen production, reaction temperature, substrate detention time, sludge activity, and granular formation. Al of these technological parameters are directly related to success or failure of the system operation and treatment effect.展开更多
The role of organic matter in the formation and stability of soil aggregates in mulberry plantation in the Hang-Jia-Hu Plain, northern Zhejiang Province, was evaluated in this study. A positive correlation was found b...The role of organic matter in the formation and stability of soil aggregates in mulberry plantation in the Hang-Jia-Hu Plain, northern Zhejiang Province, was evaluated in this study. A positive correlation was found between water-stable aggregate contents and organic matter contents in the mulberry plantation soils, which supported the hypothesis that organic matter was the main cementing agent in formation of aggregates. A close correlation was also found between stability of aggregate and organic matter contents. Regression analysis showed that total nitrogen content was also an indicator of water-stable aggregate content and stability. The aggregate size distribution indicated that the water-stable aggregates 1--0.25 mm in diameter were the major component of the aggregates in the mulberry plantation soils. The organic matter contents of aggregates ranging from 5 to 0.25 mm in diameter increased with the decrease of aggregate sizes, and the aggregates 1-0.25 mm in diameter had the maximum organic matter content.展开更多
The water stability of aggregates in various size classes separated from 18 samples of red soils under different managements, and the mechanisms responsible for the formation of water-stable soil aggregates were studi...The water stability of aggregates in various size classes separated from 18 samples of red soils under different managements, and the mechanisms responsible for the formation of water-stable soil aggregates were studied. The results showed that the water stability of soil aggregates declined with increasing size, especially for the low organic matter soils. Organic matter plays a key role in the formation of water-stable soil aggregates. The larger the soil aggregate size, the greater the impact of organic matter on the water stability of soil aggregates. Removal of organic matter markedly disintegrated the large water-stable aggregates (> 2.0 mm) and increased the small ones (< 0.25-0.smm) to some extent, whereas removal of free iron(aluminium) oxides considerably destroyed aggregates of all sizes, especially the < 0.25-0.5 mm classes. The contents of organic matter in water-stable aggregates increased with aggregate sizes. It is concluded from this study that small water-stable aggregates (< 0.25-0.5 mm) were chiefly cemented by Fe and Al oxides whilst the large ones (> 2.0 mm) were mainly glued up by organic matter. Both free oxides and organic matter contribute to the formation and water stability of aggregates in red soils.展开更多
Remarkable improvement in efficiency and stability has been observed in a doped organic electroluminescence device, which consists of a hole-transport layer, an electron-transport layer and a luminescent layer. The ho...Remarkable improvement in efficiency and stability has been observed in a doped organic electroluminescence device, which consists of a hole-transport layer, an electron-transport layer and a luminescent layer. The hole-transport layer is a N,N’-bis(3-methyphenyl)-N,N’-diphenylbenzidine film. The doped emitting layer consists of 8-(quinolinolate)-aluminum as the host and rubrene as the emission dopant. The doped device demonstrated a brightness in excess of 40 000 cd/m 2 and the maximum external quantum efficiency of 3.4%, which is about six times and four times respectively greater than those of the undoped device. For no packaged deviced, a luminance half-life on the order of about 230 h has been achieved under a constant current density of 15 mA/cm 2, starting at 500 cd/m 2 at the room temperature.展开更多
The low energy efficiency and poor cycle stability arising from the high aggressivity of discharge products toward organic electrolytes limit the practical applications of Li-O_(2)batteries(LOBs).Compared with the typ...The low energy efficiency and poor cycle stability arising from the high aggressivity of discharge products toward organic electrolytes limit the practical applications of Li-O_(2)batteries(LOBs).Compared with the typical discharge product Li_(2)O_(2),LiOH shows better chemical and electrochemical stability.In this study,a free-standing cathode composed of hydrangea-likeδ-MnO_(2)with Ag nanoparticles(NPs)embedded in carbon paper(CP)(Ag/δ-MnO_(2)@CP)is fabricated and used as the catalyst for the reversible formation and decomposition of LiOH.The possible discharge mechanism is investigated by in situ Raman measurement and density functional theory calculation.Results confirm thatδ-MnO_(2)dominantly catalyzes the conversion reaction of discharge intermediate LiO_(2)*to LiOH and that Ag particles promote its catalytic ability.In the presence of Ag/δ-MnO_(2)@CP cathode,the LOB exhibits enhanced specific capacity and a high discharge voltage plateau under humid O_(2)atmosphere.At a current density of 200 mA g^(−1),the LOB with the Ag/δ-MnO_(2)@CP cathode presents an overpotential of 0.5 V and an ultra-long cycle life of 867 cycles with a limited specific capacity of 500 mA h g^(−1).This work provides a fresh view on the role of solid catalysts in LOBs and promotes the development of LOBs based on LiOH discharge product for practical applications.展开更多
基金Supported by Yunnan S&T Innovation Platform Construction Project(2013DH041)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51366015)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(20135303110001)~~
文摘Two-phase anaerobic digestion process is influenced by acid control for hydrogen production, reaction temperature, substrate detention time, sludge activity, and granular formation. Al of these technological parameters are directly related to success or failure of the system operation and treatment effect.
基金Project supported by Earthwatch, USA and the Laboratory of Material Cycling in Pedosphere, the ChineseAcademy of Sciences.
文摘The role of organic matter in the formation and stability of soil aggregates in mulberry plantation in the Hang-Jia-Hu Plain, northern Zhejiang Province, was evaluated in this study. A positive correlation was found between water-stable aggregate contents and organic matter contents in the mulberry plantation soils, which supported the hypothesis that organic matter was the main cementing agent in formation of aggregates. A close correlation was also found between stability of aggregate and organic matter contents. Regression analysis showed that total nitrogen content was also an indicator of water-stable aggregate content and stability. The aggregate size distribution indicated that the water-stable aggregates 1--0.25 mm in diameter were the major component of the aggregates in the mulberry plantation soils. The organic matter contents of aggregates ranging from 5 to 0.25 mm in diameter increased with the decrease of aggregate sizes, and the aggregates 1-0.25 mm in diameter had the maximum organic matter content.
文摘The water stability of aggregates in various size classes separated from 18 samples of red soils under different managements, and the mechanisms responsible for the formation of water-stable soil aggregates were studied. The results showed that the water stability of soil aggregates declined with increasing size, especially for the low organic matter soils. Organic matter plays a key role in the formation of water-stable soil aggregates. The larger the soil aggregate size, the greater the impact of organic matter on the water stability of soil aggregates. Removal of organic matter markedly disintegrated the large water-stable aggregates (> 2.0 mm) and increased the small ones (< 0.25-0.smm) to some extent, whereas removal of free iron(aluminium) oxides considerably destroyed aggregates of all sizes, especially the < 0.25-0.5 mm classes. The contents of organic matter in water-stable aggregates increased with aggregate sizes. It is concluded from this study that small water-stable aggregates (< 0.25-0.5 mm) were chiefly cemented by Fe and Al oxides whilst the large ones (> 2.0 mm) were mainly glued up by organic matter. Both free oxides and organic matter contribute to the formation and water stability of aggregates in red soils.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China , National "863" P
文摘Remarkable improvement in efficiency and stability has been observed in a doped organic electroluminescence device, which consists of a hole-transport layer, an electron-transport layer and a luminescent layer. The hole-transport layer is a N,N’-bis(3-methyphenyl)-N,N’-diphenylbenzidine film. The doped emitting layer consists of 8-(quinolinolate)-aluminum as the host and rubrene as the emission dopant. The doped device demonstrated a brightness in excess of 40 000 cd/m 2 and the maximum external quantum efficiency of 3.4%, which is about six times and four times respectively greater than those of the undoped device. For no packaged deviced, a luminance half-life on the order of about 230 h has been achieved under a constant current density of 15 mA/cm 2, starting at 500 cd/m 2 at the room temperature.
基金financially supported by the High-level Talents’Discipline Construction Fund of Shandong University(31370089963078)the School Research Startup Expenses of Harbin Institute of Technology(Shenzhen)(20190037 and 20210028)+3 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2019M661276 and 2021T140150)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2019A1515110756)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52002094)the Open Fund of Guangdong Provincial Key laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials(AESM202107)。
文摘The low energy efficiency and poor cycle stability arising from the high aggressivity of discharge products toward organic electrolytes limit the practical applications of Li-O_(2)batteries(LOBs).Compared with the typical discharge product Li_(2)O_(2),LiOH shows better chemical and electrochemical stability.In this study,a free-standing cathode composed of hydrangea-likeδ-MnO_(2)with Ag nanoparticles(NPs)embedded in carbon paper(CP)(Ag/δ-MnO_(2)@CP)is fabricated and used as the catalyst for the reversible formation and decomposition of LiOH.The possible discharge mechanism is investigated by in situ Raman measurement and density functional theory calculation.Results confirm thatδ-MnO_(2)dominantly catalyzes the conversion reaction of discharge intermediate LiO_(2)*to LiOH and that Ag particles promote its catalytic ability.In the presence of Ag/δ-MnO_(2)@CP cathode,the LOB exhibits enhanced specific capacity and a high discharge voltage plateau under humid O_(2)atmosphere.At a current density of 200 mA g^(−1),the LOB with the Ag/δ-MnO_(2)@CP cathode presents an overpotential of 0.5 V and an ultra-long cycle life of 867 cycles with a limited specific capacity of 500 mA h g^(−1).This work provides a fresh view on the role of solid catalysts in LOBs and promotes the development of LOBs based on LiOH discharge product for practical applications.
