Calcaric regosols are a valuable land resource, distributed widely across western China. Soil quality has deteriorated considerably in recent years owing to the blind pursuit of economic benefits. A 2-year field exper...Calcaric regosols are a valuable land resource, distributed widely across western China. Soil quality has deteriorated considerably in recent years owing to the blind pursuit of economic benefits. A 2-year field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of using spent mushroom compost, leguminous plant (Vicia sepium L.) compost, and a combination of the two (at a 1:1 and 2:1 ratio), on rice yield and soil quality in a suburb of China. Vicia sepium L. composted with spent mushroom compost at a 1:1 ratio produced the highest grain and stover yield, grain and stover phosphorus concentration, and phosphorus uptake of rice; they were 56.5%, 93.2%, 89.3%, 198.6% and 22.2% greater than control soil, respectively. The 2:1 ratio (Vicia sepium L.: spent mushroom compost) produced the highest grain N concentration, stover N concentration, and N uptake; they were 31.6%, 31.4%, and 40.7% higher than control, respectively. Soil physical, chemical, and environmental properties were improved with the application of Vicia sepium L. composted with spent mushroom compost at a 2:1 ratio. In particular, soil water-stable aggregates, organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, total nitrogen, available potassium, and cation exchange capacity increased, whereas bulk density, pH, and phytoavailable heavy metals decreased. This organic treatment is beneficial to improve soil quality indicators, and contribute to soil restoration.展开更多
The intestinal epithelium is the main barrier to the oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs. Based on the specific transporters expressed on the apical membrane of the intestinal epithelium, novel polymer micelle...The intestinal epithelium is the main barrier to the oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs. Based on the specific transporters expressed on the apical membrane of the intestinal epithelium, novel polymer micelles targeting to the organic cation transporter 2（OCTN2） were constructed by combining carnitine conjugated poly（2-ethyl-2-oxazoline）-poly（D,L-lactide）（Car-PEOz-PLA） with monomethoxy poly（ethylene glycol）-poly（D,L-lactide）（mP EG-PLA）. The structure of the synthesized Car-PEOz-PLA was confirmed by -1H NMR, TLC and ammonium reineckate precipitation reaction, and the number-average molecular weight determined by GPC was 7260 g/mol with a low PDI of 1.44. Coumarin 6-loaded carnitine modified polymeric micelles prepared by film hydration method were characterized to have a nano-scaled size of about 31 nm in diameter, uniform spherical morphology, high drug loading content of 0.098%±0.03% and encapsulation efficiency of 92.67%±2.80%. Moreover, the carnitine-modified micelles exhibited the similar in vitro release behavior in SGF and SIF, and evidently enhanced intestinal absorption of poorly water-soluble agent. Therefore, the designed OCTN2-targeted micelles might have a promising potential for oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs.展开更多
基金funded by the National Science and Technology Support Project (Grant No.2008BAD7B09-2)
文摘Calcaric regosols are a valuable land resource, distributed widely across western China. Soil quality has deteriorated considerably in recent years owing to the blind pursuit of economic benefits. A 2-year field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of using spent mushroom compost, leguminous plant (Vicia sepium L.) compost, and a combination of the two (at a 1:1 and 2:1 ratio), on rice yield and soil quality in a suburb of China. Vicia sepium L. composted with spent mushroom compost at a 1:1 ratio produced the highest grain and stover yield, grain and stover phosphorus concentration, and phosphorus uptake of rice; they were 56.5%, 93.2%, 89.3%, 198.6% and 22.2% greater than control soil, respectively. The 2:1 ratio (Vicia sepium L.: spent mushroom compost) produced the highest grain N concentration, stover N concentration, and N uptake; they were 31.6%, 31.4%, and 40.7% higher than control, respectively. Soil physical, chemical, and environmental properties were improved with the application of Vicia sepium L. composted with spent mushroom compost at a 2:1 ratio. In particular, soil water-stable aggregates, organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, total nitrogen, available potassium, and cation exchange capacity increased, whereas bulk density, pH, and phytoavailable heavy metals decreased. This organic treatment is beneficial to improve soil quality indicators, and contribute to soil restoration.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.81673366)the National Key Science Research Program of China(973 Program,Grant No.2015CB932100)
文摘The intestinal epithelium is the main barrier to the oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs. Based on the specific transporters expressed on the apical membrane of the intestinal epithelium, novel polymer micelles targeting to the organic cation transporter 2（OCTN2） were constructed by combining carnitine conjugated poly（2-ethyl-2-oxazoline）-poly（D,L-lactide）（Car-PEOz-PLA） with monomethoxy poly（ethylene glycol）-poly（D,L-lactide）（mP EG-PLA）. The structure of the synthesized Car-PEOz-PLA was confirmed by -1H NMR, TLC and ammonium reineckate precipitation reaction, and the number-average molecular weight determined by GPC was 7260 g/mol with a low PDI of 1.44. Coumarin 6-loaded carnitine modified polymeric micelles prepared by film hydration method were characterized to have a nano-scaled size of about 31 nm in diameter, uniform spherical morphology, high drug loading content of 0.098%±0.03% and encapsulation efficiency of 92.67%±2.80%. Moreover, the carnitine-modified micelles exhibited the similar in vitro release behavior in SGF and SIF, and evidently enhanced intestinal absorption of poorly water-soluble agent. Therefore, the designed OCTN2-targeted micelles might have a promising potential for oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs.
