生物炭对小麦生长、产量品质及土壤养分的影响研究

该文以“济麦22”为试验材料,通过三元复合肥、有机肥混施生物炭,研究其对小麦生长发育、籽粒品质、产量及土壤养分含量的影响。结果表明,生物炭混施化肥、有机肥均能显著提高小麦株高、根长、植株干重、根干重及根冠比,提高小麦籽粒容重、硬度指数、蛋白质含量及湿面筋含量,同时,小麦的穗粒数、千粒重也得到显著增加,产量显著提高。此外,土壤碱解氮、速效钾、速效磷及有机质含量均显著提高。其中,“三元复合肥600 kg/hm^(2)+生物有机肥1500 kg/hm^(2)+生物炭1500 g/hm^(2)”处理效果最佳,株高、根长、植株干重、根干重、根冠比较单施三元复合肥提高13.3%、10.8%、10.3%、22.2%、0.09%;小麦籽粒容重、硬度指数、蛋白质含量及湿面筋含量分别提高8.4%、13.8%、10.5%、17.4%;小麦产量提高37.4%;土壤碱解氮、速效钾、速效磷及有机质含量分别提高9.1%、23.3%、17.2%、15.1%。综上所述,小麦秸秆生物炭混施化肥、有机肥能够显著促进小麦生长,提高产量及土壤养分含量,可以在小麦种植中进一步推广应用。

Effect of Incorporation of Wheat Straw and Urea into Soil on Biomass Nitrogen and Nitrogen-Supplying Characteristics of Paddy Soil

Pot experiments were carried out to study the effect of incorporation of wheat straw and/ or urea into soil on biomass nitrogen and mineral nitrogen and its relation to the growth and yield of rice. The combined application of wheat straw and urea increased much more biomass nitrogen in soil than the application of wheat straw or urea alone and consequently increased the immobilization of urea nitrogen added and reduced the loss of urea nitrogen. An adequate nitrogen-supplying process to rice plant could be obtained if C / N ratio of the material added was about 20. The three yield components of rice were affected significantly by the status of nitrogen supplying. More than 30mg N / kg soil of mineral nitrogen at effective tillering stage, panicle initiation stage and filling stage should be maintained in order to get high rice yield, though the criteria varied with the different experimental conditions.