不同改良剂对滨海盐渍粉土改良效果的试验研究

采用桶栽试验的方法,研究了基质、稻壳和菌糠三种不同有机质改良剂对滨海盐渍粉土理化性质和西红柿产量的影响。研究结果表明:与不加改良剂(CK)相比,三种有机质改良剂可降低表层土壤干容重22.5%～33.1%,孔隙率增加25.5%～37.7%;土壤的含盐量降低5.05%～24.54%。使用改良剂处理的土壤,碱化度(ESP)、pH、土壤交换性Na+、土壤Na+、K+占阳离子总量和土壤Cl-下降,而土壤Ca2+和SO42-增加。三种改良剂均能显著增加西红柿的产量,增幅在24.05%～34.46%;单果总量整体有所提高。结果表明,基质、稻壳和菌糠对滩涂高钠盐粉土均具有较好的改良效果。综合考虑改良剂的价格、材料获得难易程度,稻壳和菌康是较为适宜的滨海盐渍粉土改良材料。

Plant Cover and Soil Biochemical Properties in a Mine Tailing Pond Five Years After Application of Marble Wastes and Organic Amendments

Tailing ponds pose environmental hazards, such as toxic metals which can contaminate the surroundings through wind and water erosions and leaching. Various chemical and biochemical properties, together with extractable and soluble metals were measured five years after reclamation of a polluted soil affected by former mining activities. This abandoned mine site contains large amounts of Fe-oxyhydroxides, sulphates, and heavy metals. As a consequence, soils remain bare and the soil organic matter content is low （〈 3 g kg-1）. Marble waste, pig manure and sewage sludge were applied in 2004. Plant cover and richness, and soil chemical, biochemical and biological parameters were analysed five years later. Results showed that all soil biochemical properties as well as vegetation cover and richness were higher in treated soils than in the untreated contaminated plots （control）, although organic matter, pH values and extractable metals concentrations were similar among treatments. Soluble cadmium and zinc were lower in the amended plots than in control.