生产、销售有毒、有害食品罪司法认定的现状、疑问与检讨

通过对近年司法机关所发布的司法解释、规范性文件以及指导性案例的分析可以发现,司法实践中生产、销售有毒、有害食品罪的认定正日趋规范化。司法机关对诸多学理主张作出了积极回应,同时也在某些争议性问题上表明了立场,既不乏亮点,也存在较大的完善空间。司法机关对该罪构成要件要素的解读与抽象危险犯的基本法理存在冲突,对生产、销售有毒有害食品罪的司法认定有主观化、形式化倾向,导致过分扩张刑法处罚范围,威胁到刑法的自由保障机能。

生产、销售有毒、有害食品罪的司法认定

生产、销售有毒、有害食品罪是抽象的危险犯,新增的加重情节的规定有助于刑事立法更好地适应社会实践的发展。本罪与投放危险物质罪的界限主要在于主观方面故意的内容不同,二者之间在一般情况下成立想象竞合犯的关系。本罪与生产、销售不符合安全标准的食品罪的区别主要在于客观方面的行为表现不同。实践中认定本罪的共犯应结合具体案件的主客观情况综合进行判断。

在凉茶中添加非处方类西药并出售的行为如何定性——王某聪生产销售有毒、有害食品案

从国家对凉茶生产经营的监督管理及药品管理法、食品安全法对于药品、食品的定义等方面分析,凉茶属于食品而非药品。非处方类西药按照法律规定属于明令禁止在食品生产经营中添加、使用的物质,在凉茶中添加非处方类西药的行为属于在食品中掺入有毒、有害的非食品原料。因此,在凉茶中添加非处方类西药并出售的行为构成生产、销售有毒、有害食品罪。

河南省南部地区生态地球化学评价

河南省南部是全国地方病多发区之一,如何改变环境条件,抑制地方病的发生与蔓延是各级政府亟待解决的问题之一。根据河南省南部地区(1∶20万商城县、固始县幅)区域地球化学调查资料,对本区生态环境进行了初步评价。提供了40种元素地球化学成果资料,为生态地球化学研究提供了必要的地球化学前提。

Physiological responses of people in working faces of deep underground mines

The research studied the influences of high temperature, high pressure, high humidity, noise and other harmful factors in mining conditions on the people health and safety, and investigated the impacts of confined environmental on human physiology factors, including temperature, humidity, noise, pressure,toxic and harmful gases in terms of environmental characteristics in underground mines and an artificial intelligence system for simulation of the environment in a confined space of deep mines. Our results show that the systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, mean pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, typing test speed and memory level percentage are negatively correlated with temperature value, and positively correlated with humidity value; the human temperature and weight are positively correlated with temperature value, and negatively correlated with humidity value. This research lays the foundation for the study of interaction between the deep confined space environment and safety behavior.

Haze with Chinese residents＇ health problems

In recent years, with the acceleration of urbanization, medium-sized cities face increasingly severe, fog and haze increase, the heavy air pollution concentration, which caused acute health problems such as irritation and cardiovascular diseases caused widespread concern in the community. Most scholars believe that the haze is toxic and harmful gases; particulate matter and other pollutants together lead to reduced visibility as the main manifestation of the phenomenon of air pollution. Population health effects caused by the haze have been proven in many studies. The system summarizes the polluting haze weather physicochemical characteristics, introduced widely accepted definition of haze, haze hazard to residents and the proposed requirements.

食品安全刑法“非食品原料”认定的学理问题

食品安全刑法在"非食品原料"认定方面出现了范畴厘定、从属性判断、实质解释、事实认定等方面的疑难问题。从对立统一范畴非自洽的理义逻辑出发,食品、非食品(原料)等范畴存在辩证法的非自足、开放性质,食品添加剂与非食品原料之间也具有模糊、有待探明的逻辑关系。结合"毒豆芽案件"审判出现的行政不法、刑事未必违法的问题,非食品原料的认定要坚守食品安全法治原则,遵循经济(行政)犯罪的从属性要求,要从食品安全刑事权力制约的角度作出实质解释,要以食品安全所涉生命、健康充实生产、销售有毒、有害食品罪的市场经济秩序法益,要着重解决案件事实判断独立性不足的问题。为此,司法实践要从尊重科学、谨慎把握的理性思维出发,审查食品行政管理违法的实质,排除司法"旧习"的影响,依法独立进行案件事实的认定。